Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



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phalanx (or large pastern bone), which is followed by the second 

 phalanx (or small pastern bone), and then the third phalanx (or coffin 

 bone), the last named and half of the small pastern bone being enclosed 

 within the hoof. In addition to these, at the articulation between the 

 cannon and the large pastern bone are two small bones, known as the 

 "sesamoids," while at the back of the coffin joint there is a small bow- 

 shaped bone, known as the "navicular," which is frequently the seat 

 of disease. 



The bones are held together by ligaments. Tendons are similar 

 in character to ligaments, but differ in that they join muscle to bone. 



The scapula, humerus, and radius and ulna are enclosed in heavy 

 muscles which move them. There are no muscles about the knee and 



Fig. 148. — ^Fore leg from knee to 

 ground, showing the bones, ligaments, 

 and tendons. 1, Suspensory ligament; 

 2, inferior sesamoid ligaments; 3, branch 

 of suspensory ligament; 4, flexor tendon 

 of foot; 5, flexor tendon of pastern; 

 6, extensor tendon; 7, splint bone; 8, can- 

 non bone; 9, sesamoid bones; 10, large 

 pastern bone; 11, small pastern bone; 

 12, coffin bone; 13, navicular bone. 



Fig. 149. — Bones, tendons, and liga- 

 ments of the fore leg. 1, Splint bone; 

 2, cannon bone; 3, suspensory ligament; 

 4, flexor tendon of foot; 5, flexor tendon 

 of pastern. 



the parts below. Instead, long tendons pass down from the muscles 

 above, thus connecting the power with the levers of the lower part of 

 the leg. Some very important ligaments hold the bones below the 

 knee in proper relation to one another. These ligaments are very 

 strong elastic cords. The lower leg moves when the muscles exert a 

 pull on their tendons, which are likewise strong and elastic. The 

 tendons and ligaments of the fore leg are shown in the accompanying 

 drawings. The long ligament from fetlock to knee is the suspensory 

 ligament. It supports the fetlock. 



