450 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



should be large and prominent. Strong jaws and a wide muzzle are 

 desired, yet the muzzle must be trim, the lips thin, and the entire head 

 free from any appearance of coarseness. The nostrils should be large. 

 The ears should be fine, placed close together near the poll, and carried 

 alert. The attachment with the neck must be clean and graceful. 

 The appearance of the head should indicate intelligence, alertness, and 

 quality. 



Length of neck is very essential. It should be gracefully arched 

 and bear considerable muscle, — enough muscle to lend fullness and 

 strength, but not so much as to give an appearance of heaviness or 

 coarseness. The upper border of the neck should be fine along its 

 entire length. The neck should blend nicely with the shoulders. 

 Without a high-class front, the horse cannot qualify as a heavy-harness 

 horse of superior type. 



Long, snugly laid shoulders that have a decided slope and are 

 well muscled are wanted. The withers should be well set up and 

 should show refinement. The chest should be moderately wide and 

 very deep. The breast should be carried out prominently and be 

 rather muscular. 



The middle of the horse should be round, full made, short on top, 

 and long below. This calls for long, well-arched ribs and good depth 

 of flank. The back, and especially the loin, should be thickly muscled 

 and short, giving strength and a smooth, finished appearance. Depth 

 of flank is essential to a good appearance and good feeding qualities. 



The hips should be smooth. Prominent hips detract from the 

 smoothness of form which is so much desired. A long, level, fairly 

 broad, well-muscled, and smoothly turned croup is the most attractive 

 and the best indication of strength. The tail should be attached high 

 and carried out from the quarters. Carriage horses usually have the 

 tail docked and set. Full, muscular development of thighs, quarters, 

 and gaskins gives the desired fullness of form and necessary strength. 



Legs.— Superior quality of bone, associated with substance, should 

 be evident in the cannons. The arm should be very muscular. The 

 forearm should be muscular and long. The knee must be wide both 

 ways, deep, and clearly defined. The hocks should be wide, deep, 

 straight, and clean. The cannons, both front and rear, as viewed from 

 the side, should be broad and flat, with the grooves between the cannon 

 bone and tendons easily seen and felt. Straight, strong fetlock joints 

 are essential. The front pasterns should slope at an angle of about 

 45 degrees, and be long enough to give elasticity of stride, yet show 

 suflicient substance to insure strength. Proper position of the legs is 

 of greater importance in this type than in draft horses. So much of 

 the value of the horse depends upon action, and so much of action 



