Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 483 



important feature of the trade. They are bought to be used on the 

 farm, and are in most urgent need during the season when crops are 

 being planted. They are usually of mixed breeding, draft blood pre- 

 dominating, and are commonly known among farmers as "general-pur- 

 pose" animals. Mares are more generally taken than geldings. For 

 this class, low-set, compact horses are wanted, not so heavy as the 

 eastern chunks. Farm chunks are usually lighter in bone, and often 

 slightly blemished or unsound. In general, the typical farm chunk 

 should be a moderate-sized, all-round good individual, standing from 

 15 to 15-3 hands high, and weighing from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds. Being 

 lighter horses than the eastern chunks, they should be a little quicker 

 and more active. The varied use to which horses are put on farms 

 requires ability to trot readily if necessary. However, since the walk 

 is their most important gait, they should be good walkers and do it 

 with ease and rapidity. 



Southern chunks. — In some markets these are termed "southern 

 horses," or "southerns." They are small horses that are taken by 

 dealers to large southern cities and sold to southern planters for tilling 

 their lands and for driving and riding. The southern farmer does not 

 cultivate deeply, and the soils are light, consequently he does not re- 

 quire very large horses. However, each year the trend of the market 

 is for larger horses for this trade. Southern chunks are small horses 

 standing from 15 to 15-3 hands high, and weighing from 800 to 1,250 

 pounds. They are rather fine of bone, possessing an abundance of 

 quality, and are more rangy in conformation than any of the other 

 chunks, having more of the light horse blood. Many of them are 

 similar to the cheaper horses used on the light delivery wagons of cities. 

 They should have good action. The southern chunk is comparatively 

 a cheap horse. 



Wagon Horses 



These are horses useful for quick delivery. The demand is from 

 cities and towns. They must be closely coupled, compactly built, 

 with plenty of constitution and stamina. They must be good actors, 

 have a good, clean set of legs, with plenty of bone and quality, and a 

 good foot that will stand the wear of paved streets. The classes are 

 Express Horses, Delivery Wagon Horses, Light Artillery Horses, 

 Heavy Artillery Horses, and Fire Horses. Their breeding is a mixture 

 of draft and light bloods. They are neither light nor heavy horses, 

 but may be termed middle-weights. 



Express horses are used by express companies to collect and 

 deliver goods to and from railroad stations. Different companies use 

 horses of slightly different size and weight. For instance, if the busi- 



