FILLING UP THE SHOE. 



469 



comi3anying cuts, figures 7 and 8, represent both surfaces of a 

 near fore-shoe ; Fig. 7 shows the foot-surface, and Fig. 8 the 

 ground-surface. 



In Fig. 7, A is the clip at the toe, B 1 the outer quarter, 

 B 2 the inner quar- 

 ter, C 1 the outer 

 heel, C 2 the inner 

 heel, D the seating, 

 E the flat surface 

 for the crust to 

 bear upon, F 

 heels bevelled 

 away from 

 frog. 



In Fig. 8, A is 

 the toe, turned up 

 out of the line of 

 wear, B 1 the outer 

 and B 2 the inner 

 quarter, 1 the 

 outer and C 2 the 

 inner heel, D the 

 ground-surface of the web, as wide at the heels as it is at the 

 toe, E the fullering, carried all round the shoe. 



Nails. — I must say a few words about the nails before we 

 come to nailing on the shoe ; because the nails in common use 

 are as badly formed as they well can be. Their short wedge- 

 shaped heads, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with 

 shanks springing suddenly from the head without any shoulder, 

 and ending in a long, narrow point, are most unsafe to trust a 

 shoe to. The head of such a nail can never perfectly fill the 

 hole in the shoe, for the wide top gets tied either in the fuller- 

 ing, or the upper part of the hole, before the lower part has 

 reached the bottom, and when the head is about half worn 

 away, the lower part is left loose in the hole and the shoe comes 

 off. Now the nails I advise you to use — and you had better 

 always make them for yourself — should have heads which are 

 straight-sided at the upper part, and gradually die away into 

 the shank at the lower part, so as to form a shoulder which will 



