XXI. 



CHARACTERISTIC DEEP-SEA TYPES. POLYPS. 

 HALCYONOIDS AND ACTINOIDS. 1 



AMONG the Anthozoa the deep-water groups of the West In- 

 dian district are most interesting. There are specimens of an 

 Umbellula, a genus first accidentally brought up from deep water 

 off the coast of Greenland early in the last century, and figured 

 by Ellis. His specimens were lost, and Captain von Otter was 

 the first to rediscover this interesting genus. The " Blake " 

 dredged fine specimens of Umbellula in deep water in several 

 localities in the West Indies. Our species of Umbellula ap- 

 pears to be U. Guntheri (Fig. 449), discovered 

 by the " Challenger." A second species has since 

 been found on our east coast by the Fish Com- 

 mission. 



A number of fine Pennatulse were brilliantly 

 phosphorescent, of a bluish tint. Their light is 

 very strong, a single Pennatula lighting up a whole 

 tub full of water. Pennatula aculeata (Fig. 450) 

 is a common species off our coast, extending from 

 Norway to the Banks of Newfoundland, and as 

 far south as 33 north latitude. Of the peculiar 

 club-shaped genus Kophobelemnon (Fig. 451) the 

 " Blake " collected only a single specimen, but it 

 has been dredged in considerable numbers by the 

 Fig. 451. Ko- Fish Commission. In certain localities it extends 



phobelemnon sea- to ft d th Q f Qver 2 QOO fathoms. 



brura. 4-. (Ver- e i i i i 



Several species 01 long sea-wands seem to be 



1 The account of these Anthozoa has been prepared from the reports of Professor 

 Verrill on collections of the "Blake " and " Albatross." 



