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are kept inside the house until the chicks are old enough to use 

 troughs, then these are placed under the house and the chickens are 

 fed once a day. After the chickens are eight weeks old this method 

 of feeding each day is abandoned and chickens eat from that time 

 on until they are fully matured out of large outdoor hoppers, which 

 are built rain-proof and so that chickens can eat on either side. (Fig. 

 23.) They are built about four feet high and six feet long and con- 

 tain enough feed for four or five hundred chickens for about a week. 

 So, instead of feeding chickens once a day, these chickens are fed 

 only once a week and they are allowed to go and get grain, ground 

 feed, grit and charcoal whenever they want it. 



Figure 24. 



Figure 24 shows a sanitary water fountain. It is simply a little 

 "overhang" soldered to a water fountain. It has the advantage of 

 preventing the droppings from falling into water and chickens can 

 stand on the ground and drink out of the basin and not get into it. 

 This fountain, marked B, is another device, having some advantages, 

 but we do not like it as well because it is more expensive and we have 

 to adjust holes to suit chickens of different sizes. 



FIG. 4 Working plans of a double outdoor hopper 



