ENEMIES AND DISEASES OF POULTRY 165 



The parasites that frequently infest domestic poultry 

 are: Common hen louse (Menopon pallidum); red mite, 

 chicken mite, or red spider louse (Dermanyssus gallinae) ; 

 itch, or scab, mite (Cnemidocoptes laevis, var. gallinae), 

 scaly leg mite (Cnemidocoptes mutans). 



The parasites infesting turkeys, peafowls, and guinea 

 fowls, in addition to the common hen louse and the red 

 mite are Lipeurus polytrapezius, Goniodes stylifcr, Gonio- 

 cotes rectangulatus, Goniodes falcicornis, and similar ones. 



The parasites most commonly infesting water fowls 

 are Trinoton luridum; Lipeurus squalidus, which is com- 

 monly found on ducks; Trinoton lituratum; Ornithobius 

 cygni, which is commonly found on geese; and Doco- 

 phorus cygni, which is commonly found on swans. 



The parasites most commonly infesting pigeons are: 

 Common pigeon louse (Goniocotes compar), Lipeurus bacu- 

 lus, Goniodes danticornis, and two varieties of fleas. 



INSECTICIDES 



The substances that are used to kill insects are called 

 insecticides. The three general classes of insecticides 

 that are employed to kill the parasites that infest poul- 

 try are powders, liquids, and fumes. The powders have 

 to be dusted on the bodies of the parasites so that the 

 fine particles of the material will be drawn into the 

 breathing tubes of the insects. These tubes are thus 

 clogged, and the insect dies of suffocation. The liquids 

 kill because they are corrosive or because they get into 

 the breathing tubes of the insects and suffocate. The 

 fumes employed kill because they suffocate. 



All poultry parasites except mites can be kept under 

 control, so far as their presence on the bodies of birds 

 is concerned, by the use of insect powders. Insect 

 powders, however, are not so efficient for destroying 

 parasites about poultry buildings as liquid and fume 

 insecticides. Insecticides containing arsenic, such as 

 Paris green, or other deadly poisons, should never be 

 used about poultry buildings, as they are likely to poison 

 both poultry and attendants. 



