172 ENEMIES AND DISEASES OF POULTRY 



to so completely cover them that the creatures will 

 drown in it. Whitewash can be recommended to help 

 maintain sanitary conditions about a poultry house, 

 but unfortunately when it is used it often gives the 

 poultryman a false sense of security against parasites 

 and frequently causes him to neglect the proper measures 

 to exterminate the insect enemies of his poultry. 



Fume Insecticides. Fume insecticides are produced by 

 burning various substances. Fumes that are extremely 

 poisonous should not be used for killing poultry para- 

 sites, as there is no necessity for their use, and persons, 

 animals, and the poultry may be accidentally exposed 

 to them. The following can be recommended as effective 

 on parasites, and not necessarily fatal to other creatures 

 if inhaled in small quantities, though they will prove 

 fatal to any person, animal, or bird if inhaled in suf- 

 ficient quantities: 



Sulphur fumes can be produced by burning sulphur. 

 Either lump sulphur, which is frequently called brim- 

 stone, sulphur candles, or powdered sulphur can be used 

 for this purpose. The powdered sulphur will produce 

 fumes more rapidly than the lump sulphur. The sulphur 

 should be placed in an iron pot or pan to avoid fire 

 and should be moistened with some inflammable liquid to 

 make it burn more freely. 



Tobacco fumes may be produced by burning any kind 

 of tobacco. Such fumes are usually produced by burning 

 the waste leaves or stems of the tobacco plant, as these 

 can be purchased cheaply. The tobacco stems or leaves 

 should be placed in an iron receptacle of some kind 

 to avoid the danger from fire and should also be moist- 

 ened with some inflammable liquid to make them burn 

 quickly. 



Creosote fumes or liquid lice-killer fumes are sometimes 

 used for killing the parasites on a few fowls confined in 

 a small space. This treatment is difficult to perform and 

 dangerous to use. 



