MANUAL ON POULTRY. 39 



"Symptoms. Swelling of the head, watery discharge from the 

 eyes and nostrils, which are very foetid and offensive to the smell, 

 following which, these discharges become acrid and result in a con- 

 gealed yellow coating to the mouth and tongue, called canker, 

 which we term a poisonous fungus growth in the blood. 



"Treatment. Wash and steam the head and throat with hot water 

 in which a dash of carbolic acid is added. Clear the nasal passage 

 to the throat by an injection of carbolic water, one part of carbolic 

 acid to ten parts of water. Gargle the throat and tongue with a 

 solution of potash, but do not peel the canker off, if to do so causes 

 any bleeding, for that would only aggravate the disease. Give a 

 dessert-spoonful of castor oil, and each morning give nearly a gill of 

 milk in which three or four grains of hyposulphite of soda have been 

 dissolved. At evening, after the washing and steaming, the cleans- 

 ing of the nasal passage and the gargling give a gill of milk with 

 eight drops of tincture of iron. 



"The milk can be easily administered by taking the bird by the 

 under beak and drawing the neck upward till straight, when the 

 milk poured from a tea-pot will run into the crop without the 

 effort of swallowing. 



"At the end of about four or five days the effect of the hyposul- 

 phite of soda in the blood, and the solution of carbolic acid as a 

 wash, may be seen in the sloughing off of the cankerous substance 

 from the tongue and mouth, when the fowl will commence to mend. 

 The treatment at this stage should be nourishing food, with occa- 

 sional doses of sulphur, and the fowls will regain their health and 

 eprightliness. Six-sevenths of the cases of roup are curable, but its 

 extreme contagion makes the cure a questionable policy, and it 

 should never be undertaken unless the affected fowl be at once re- 

 moved from the flock and fowl-house.'' 



Gapes is common among chicks from four to six weeks old when 

 supplied with foul water, especially if poorly fed during wet spells. 

 Mr. Wright says : "The disease consists at least so far as actual 

 symptoms extend in a number of small worms which infest the 

 windpipe, and cause the poor chicken to gasp for breath. If taken 

 early, it will be sufficient to give every day a morsel of camphor the 

 size of a grain of wheat, and to put camphor in the drinking water, 

 or a little turpentine may be given daily in meal, taking care, of 

 course, that the deficiencies in diet and shelter be amended. In fully 



