268 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



TABLE SHOWING COMMON DISEASES. (Continued?) 



i Sympathetic pain, dull and aching. 



* Somatic pain, umbilical tenderness. 



Acute Enteritis, . . - RefleX| fSdo^nai walls . 



' Nerve route, solar plexus via lumbar plexus. 



/ Sympathetic pain, local burning, 



i Somatic pain, gnawing. 



Duodenal Ulcer, . . , RefleX) r f ght h ; pocho ^ drlum . 



' Nerve route, solar plexus via intercostals. 



f Sympathetic pain, local pain set aside. 



I Somatic pain, severe in umbilical region. 



Intussuscephon, . . < Reflex a dominal waUs- 



v. Nerve route, solar plexus via lower intercostals. 



- Sympathetic pain, set aside locally, or colicky. 

 -, i j T T i rsornstic Ptim, severe in uninilicus. 



Strangulated Hernia, 4 ,, abdominal walls 



v. Nerve route, solar plexus via intercostals. 



f Sympathetic pain, dull locally. 

 Parenchymatous \ Somatic pain, mild somatically. 



Hepatitis ~j Reflex, under right scapula, in shoulder. 



V. Nerve route, solar plexus via circumflex and intercostals. 



f Sympathetic pain ; when deep-seated, no pain. 

 Suppurative i Somatic pain, severe when superficial. 



Hepatitis } Reflex, right shoulder. 



v Nerve route, solar plexus via circumflex nerve. 



r 'Sympathetic pain, weight in right hypochondrium. 

 .- , 1 Somatic pain, very seldom any pain. 



Orrhosls 'I Reflex, no reflex. 



v. Nerve route, solar plexus via vagus. 



r Sympathetic pain, darting in various directions. 



Cancer of Liver, . -, / , . ', 



1 Reflex, the abdominal walls. 



v. Nerve route, solar plexus via intercostals. 



f Sympathetic pain, uneasiness and distress. 

 Biliarv Calculi Somatic pain, severe, cutting, tearing. 



ull> j Reflex, chest and abdomen. 



'- Nerve route, solar plexus via intercostals. 



, Sympathetic pain, dull and distressing. 

 Ovaritis \ Somatic pain, severe and annoying. 



) Kenex, scalp, back, thigh. 



'. Nerve route, hypogastric plexus via fifth nerve, lumbar plexus. 



Rationale of reflex pain and the anatomical factors involved in a simple 

 physiological reflex circuit. The rationale of reflexes is to be found in the law 

 of projectiles. Pain as a projectile having reached a transfer centre, pursues the 

 line of least resistance or the point of greatest traction. The factors involved in 

 a reflex circuit are : (i) A sensory nerve leading to a transfer centre. (2) A sen- 

 sory nerve leading from a transfer centre to a sentient area. 3. A transfer centre 

 communicating centrally with a sympathetic area, and peripherally with a somatic 

 area. In figure 1 86 the pain is in the end of the penis ; the disease is renal 

 colic. The sensory nerve to the penis, the internal pudic, a branch of the sacral 

 plexus ; the nerve-supply to the kidney is from the renal plexus. The pain is 

 more severe in the distribution of the somatic nerves than at the seat of the 

 disease. 



In like manner figure 186 shows the same. This we will then call a sen- 

 sory reflex pain, in which the pain is greatly exaggerated by its transmission 

 over the somatic part of the reflex circuit. A motor reflex pain may be repre- 

 sented in figure 187. Here also is a reflex circuit, the constituents of which are 

 (i) a sensory nerve ; (2) a motor nerve ; (3) a transfer centre. The phenomena 

 produced are called motor reflexes. 



Remember, these schematic figures are introduced here, not for the purpose 



