440 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



Wliat can you say of the ilio-femoral band .' 



This is the strongest band. Its apex is attached below the anterior inferior 

 iliac spine ; its base is attached to the anterior intertrochanteric line. 



Describe the ligamentum tcrcs. 



Externally, it is attached to the lips of the cotyloid notch ; between these 

 extremes, fibres spring from the transverse ligament. Internally, the ligament is 

 attached to the depression in the head of the femur called the tereal. 



Name all the bony parts about the hip-joint. (Fig. 226.) 



The greater and lesser trochanters, the neck of the femur, the anterior and 

 posterior intertrochanteric lines, the anterior inferior spinous process of the ilium, 

 the ilio-pubal eminence and line, the tuber of the ischium, the ischio-pubic ramus. 



THE KNEE-JOINT. 



1. Class. Diarthrosis, because of free movement and constant synovia. 



2. Subdivision. Gitiglyinus, because of motion in two directions. 



3. Technical Name. Tibio-femoral articulation. 



4. Osteological Units. Femur, tibia, and patella. 



5. Sitbdivisional Parts. Femoral condyles, tibial tuberosities. 



6. Articular Surfaces. Named according to general rule. 



7. Basis. A capsule lined by synovial membrane. 



8. Local Subdivisions. Internal, external, anterior, posterior. 



9. Strengthening Bands. Biceps, sartorios, semimembranosus. 



10. Incorporated Tendons. Peroneus longus, adductor magnus. 



1 1. Bony Limitations. Patella, tibia, and femur. 



12. Nerve-supply. Great sciatic, anterior crural, obturator. 



13. Blood-supply. Articular arteries from the internal and external articular 

 branches of the popliteal artery, both above and below the joint ; from the 

 azygos ; from the recurrent branches of both the anterior and posterior tibial 

 arteries ; from the anastomotica femoris. 



14. Ligamcntous Muscles. (i) Extensor quadriceps femoris ; (2) gracilis and 

 sartorius ; (3) semitendinosus and semimembranosus and biceps ; (4) gastroc- 

 nemius and plantaris. 



Name all the ligaments of the knee-joint. 



(i) The fibrous expansion of the extensors (strengthening bands); (2) cap- 

 sular or anterior ligament ; (3) posterior ligament or ligament of Wins- 

 low ; (4) external lateral ligament ; (5) internal lateral ligament ; (6) ligamentum 

 patellae ; (7) anterior crucial ligament ; (8) posterior crucial ligament ; (9) 

 internal semilunar fibre-cartilages ; (10) external semilunar fibro-cartilages ; 

 (i i) the coronaiy ligament ; (12) the transverse ligament. 



What is the ligamentum patclUc .' 



It is a strong tendon by which the extensors of the leg are inserted into the 

 tubercle of the tibia. Its borders form a guide to the surgeon in injecting and 

 aspirating the cavity of the synovial membrane at the knee. Behind the ten- 

 don, between this and the true capsule, is a mass of fat and a small bursa, rest- 

 ing on the bursal segment of the tubercle of the tibia. In front of the liga- 

 mentum patella? is a large prepatellar bursa, .whose enlargement is known as 

 " housemaid's knee." Laterally, the ligamentum patellae is continuous with the 

 fibrous expansion of the extensor muscles of the leg. 



Describe and locate t/ic ligament of //'///.v/<w. 



It bridges the space between the internal and external lateral ligaments. It 

 has perforations for vessels and nerves. It is strengthened by an aponeurosis 

 of the semimembranosus muscle. It forms part of the floor of the popliteal 

 space. On it rest the popliteal vessels. 



