CATTLE 



165 



well known to people who have to do with horses. Vinsol's apparatus is to 

 be strongly recommended, but unfortunately it is very expensive. 



9. Cattle. 



Bovine animals are, as a rule, easily managed. For long operations the 

 animal is thrown on a vaccination inoculation table, or placed in a Vinsol's 

 apparatus. 



10. Birds. 



Fowls and other birds ordinarily used for inoculation are easily held with 

 the hand. They may be secured by their feet and wings on the metal tray 

 described on p. 161, or on a Debrand's apparatus. 



Note. After every operation, all bits, gags, dishes, etc., which have been 

 used must be carefully cleaned and washed with a solution of carbolic acid, 

 [lysol or] formalin, and the antiseptic washed off, of course, with water before 

 the instrument is used again. 



SECTION V. EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATIONS. 

 1. Instruments. 



There is no need to go into details with regard to instruments in common, 

 every-day use such as are required for making incisions, exposing vessels, 

 etc. Bistouries, scissors, forceps, retractors, inoculation needles, suture 

 needles, etc., must all be sterilized before an operation either in the hot air 

 sterilizer at 180 C. or by boiling in water for 10 minutes, and then trans- 

 ferring to a 0*1 per cent, solution of oxycyanide of mercury [or 2 per cent, 

 lysol]. When the operation is over the instruments must be cleaned, passed 

 through alcohol and dried with a piece of soft cloth. 



Sterile absorbent wool, thread and silk should be at hand, ready for use 

 when needed. 



Preparation of sterile silk. (a) The silk may be sterilized just before it is wanted 

 by boiling it for 15 minutes in 3 per cent, carbolic acid. But it is better to keep 

 a quantity in stock prepared by one or other of the 

 following methods : 



(6) Cut the silk into lengths of about 12 inches and 

 wrap three or four lengths in two or three pieces of 

 filter paper. Prepare a number of these packets of silk 

 and heat them to 120 C. in the autoclave, dry them 

 in the incubator and keep them in a well-stoppered 

 bottle in a box with a tightly-fitting lid. Open the 

 packets one by one as they are wanted. Any packet 

 which has been opened and not used must be thrown 

 away. 



(c) Place the reel of silk and a little water in a small 

 bottle. Pass the end of the silk through a narrow 

 piece of glass tubing which should perforate the cork 

 of the bottle and be plugged with wool (fig. 132). 

 Sterilize in the autoclave. When the silk is wanted it 

 is only necessary to pull on the end of it to unreel 

 it. So much of the silk thread as projected before it 

 was pulled must of course be cut off and thrown away, 

 keep sterile so long as the wool plug remains in position. 



A solution of some antiseptic (e.g. O'l per cent, oxycyanide of mercury) 

 [or 2 per cent, lysol] and some sterile water must also be at hand. 



FIG. 132. Bottle for storing 

 sterile silk. 



The silk in the bottle will 



