INTRA- VENOUS INOCULATION 173 



pig for intra-venous inoculation, and recourse must be had to the external 

 jugular. This vein is superficially situated, lying beneath the skin the sub- 

 cutaneous muscles and some cellular tissue, and follows a line from the angle 

 of the jaw to a point mid-way between the shoulder and the sternum. 



1. Fix the guinea-pig on its back, with its head extended. Shave and 

 cleanse the part. 



2. Make an incision through the skin and sub-cutaneous muscles in the 

 middle of the line described above, tear through the cellular tissue with a 

 director, and the vein will be exposed lying to the outer side of the incision. 



3. Pass the needle obliquely into the vein (it is very convenient to have a 

 needle with the lower end bent at a right angle) inject the fluid and with- 

 draw the needle. 



4. Cleanse the wound with a sponge soaked in carbolic water and make 

 quite sure that there is no bleeding from the prick in the vein. Put two or 

 three stitches in the skin and cover the incision with collodion. 



C. Dogs. For intra-venous inoculation in dogs the external vein of the 

 hind limb the small saphenous should be selected. 



1. Muzzle the animal, and get an assistant to hold it. 



2. Shave the skin on the outer side of the limb where the calf muscles 

 are inserted into the Tendo achillis. Compress the limb above, and rub the 

 shaved part with a sponge soaked in carbolic water. The small saphenous 

 vein will thus be made to stand out and is easily accessible at the upper 

 part of the Tendo achillis. 



3. Avoid, if possible, having to expose the vein, and in performing the 

 inoculation pierce the skin and the vein at one and the same time. 



D. Horses and Cattle. Locate the jugular vein and render it prominent 

 as described on p. 49. Make the injection with the usual precautions. 



E. Birds. Birds are best inoculated intra-venously in the axillary vein. 



1. Fasten the bird down, and let an assistant extend the wing, and at 

 the same time compress the base. Pluck the down from the inner surface 

 of the root of the wing, and rub the part with a sponge soaked in carbolic 

 water. 



2. When the vein has swelled, inoculate the material. 



(vii) Arterial inoculation. 



In mammals for purposes of arterial inoculation the femoral or carotid 

 artery is chosen. 



A. Femoral artery. The femoral artery takes the same course in animals 

 as it does in man. In the fold of the groin, the vein is on the inside, the 

 artery next and the crural nerve on the outer side. The artery takes a line 

 from the middle of the fold of the groin to the inner side of the knee. 



1. Fix the dog on its back. Rotate the leg outwards and extend it. 

 Shave and cleanse the part. 



2. Determine the exact position of the artery by finding the pulse near 

 the middle of the fold of the groin, and make an incision through the skin 

 and sub-cutaneous tissue, a few centimetres long, along the line of the 

 vessel. 



3. Divide the aponeurosis on a director and the sheath of the vessels 

 and nerve will be exposed. 



4. Having found the artery prick it very obliquely, inject the material 

 and withdraw the needle. 



5. Put a few stitches in the skin and paint the wound over with collodion. 



