

URINE 201 





Notes. 1. No advantage is obtained from local anaesthesia, but in the case of 

 very nervous patients the skin may be sprayed with ethyl chloride. 



2. As the needle passes through the skin there is "occasionally a reflex muscular 

 contraction of the lumbo-sacral muscles. Should this occur desist for a few moments 

 before continuing to push the needle into the canal. 



3. Should the needle be driven against bone its point will be bent and another 

 attempt will have to be made taking a better direction. 



4. If, during the operation, the needle becomes obstructed it is easily cleared 

 with the platinum wire. 



5. Occasionally the fluid is blood-stained : in that case the needle has wounded 

 some of the small meningeal veins ; this is a matter of no importance and can be 

 remedied by slightly altering the position of the needle. 



13. Milk. 



Duclaux adopts the following technique which, though delicate, gives a 

 sterile milk without any heat : 



1. Take a number of plugged sterile test-tubes. 



2. Wash and brush the cow's udder with soap and water, rinse with per- 

 chloride of mercury then with alcohol and finally with sterile water. The 

 milker then sterilizes his hands. 



3. Reject the first few drops of milk, which serve to wash the walls of the 

 excretory canals. 



4. An assistant takes the plug out of one of the tubes and holds the latter 

 as close to the mouth of the teat as possible without touching it ; when the 

 tube is half- full he replaces the plug. A number of tubes may be filled in 

 the same way. 



14. Urine. 



Man. 



To collect urine in a sterile manner proceed as follows. 



1. Take a red rubber catheter, protect .the upper end with a small cap of 

 filter paper, then wrap up the whole instrument carefully in several folds 

 of paper and autoclave for 20 minutes at 115 C. On taking it out of the 

 autoclave dry it in the incubator. 



2. Put the man on his back and carefully wash the glans and meatus with 

 a 1 in a 1000 solution of oxy cyanide of mercury, sponge with wool which has 

 been sterilized in the autoclave and wrap the penis in another wool sponge 

 similarly sterilized. The operator now sterilizes his hands. 



3. Remove the catheter from its paper covering by taking hold of its 

 upper end ; dip the other end in oil sterilized at 115 C. 



4. Lay the catheter for a moment on the paper in which it was sterilized. 

 Hold the penis in the left hand, and pick up the catheter about its middle 

 with the right, introduce it into the meatus and push it along the urethra 

 still resting the upper end on the paper which should be held by an assistant. 



5. On reaching the entrance to the bladder pinch the catheter firmly between 

 the thumb, and index finger and pass the catheter through the sphincter. 



6. The assistant flames the mouth of a flask previously sterilized in the 

 hot air sterilizer, removes the wool plug and holds the mouth to the end of 

 the catheter from which he now removes the paper cap. 



7. Relax the pressure on the catheter and the urine will flow into the 

 flask. When the latter is three-parts filled pinch the catheter to stop the 

 flow of urine. The assistant flames the neck of the flask and replaces the 

 wool plug which he has been holding in his left hand during the time the 

 flask has been filling. 



A similar technique can be adopted in the case of large animals. 



