

THE SWINE PASTEURELLA 455 



Post mortem, the spleen and liver are enlarged, there are patches of broncho - 

 pneumonia in the lungs, and pericarditis ; the blood is dark-coloured and 

 like pitch : the organism is present in very large numbers in the blood, liver, 

 spleen, pericardial fluid, etc. 



Intra-venous inoculation leads to more severe symptoms : if the culture 

 be virulent, death from septicaemia soon takes 



place: with an attenuated virus a condition .' ^ >:: * 



of cachexia accompanied by synovitis and * * / ..'.'*.' 



arthritis is more or less rapidly set up. "'*.'' * ' ,^y* 



It is difficult to infect pigs by feeding them. ' j . /' .. \ / m ~* 



Morphology. Morphologically the organism _ . .. - *" ' i /, . " 

 is identical with the other members of the 

 pasteurella group. The swine pasteurella how- 

 ever grows more easily than the fowl pasteurella ; 

 it can be grown at 20 C. and can be cultivated 

 anaerobically with but little difficulty. : ' * * * % - 



Vaccination. Serum therapy. Swine which - * ^ .. 



have recovered from an attack of contagious 



pneumonia are found to be immune. Immunity FIG. zzs.Pasteuretta suis. Film 

 may be produced experimentally by the in- (o^iv^obj^fth, ReichT C 

 oculation of blood sterilized by heat (Selander 



and others) or by the injection of small doses of the virus (Metchnikoff) or of 

 old cultures (Detmers). 



Rabbits may be immunized by inoculating them with the serum of rabbits 

 which have been vaccinated with small doses of the virus (Metchnikoff). 

 De Schweinitz, Reters and Leclainche have also obtained a prophylactic and 

 therapeutic serum. 



Rabbits which have been vaccinated with attenuated strains of the swine bacillus 

 are immunized not only against the swine bacillus but also against the fowl and 

 rabbit varieties. Fowls which survive the inoculation of the swine bacillus are 

 immune against the bacillus of fowl cholera (Chamberland and Jouan). 



Chamberland and Jouan having immunized an horse against the swine 

 bacillus by sub-cutaneous inoculation showed that the serum of the horse 

 possessed prophylactic properties equally for the swine, the avian and the 

 rabbit bacillus. It agglutinated most strains of the pasteurella group, viz. : 

 the swine bacillus in dilutions of 1 in 60,000, the pasteurella of guinea-pigs 

 in 1 in 4,000, the fowl and ovine varieties in 1 in 1,000. 



4. PASTEURELLA BOVIS. 



Under the name " Wild und Rinderseuche " Bellinger first described an 

 epizootic disease occurring among stags, wild boars, deer, roebucks and cattle, 

 and caused by an ovoid bacterium. The disease sometimes takes the form 

 of an acute haemorrhagic septicaemia, sometimes it is more chronic and 

 accompanied by pulmonary localizations. Oreste and Armanni found an 

 identical micro-organism in an epizootic disease of buffaloes " Barbone " and 

 numerous investigators have since described similar epizootics in which the 

 same organism was found (Galtier, Billings, Smith, Nocard, Piot-Bey and 

 others). In the Argentine, Lignieres observed various clinical forms (acute 

 enteritis, pleuro-pneumonia and haemorrhagic septicaemia) of an epizootic 

 disease caused by one and the same micro-organism which was indistinguishable 

 from the foregoing. 



These various affections may be classed together under the general term 



