456 THE PASTEURELLA GROUP 



" Bovine pasteurelloses." The bovine pasteurella is fatal to mice, rabbits and 

 guinea-pigs on sub-cutaneous inoculation, and to oxen, sheep, dogs, horses, 

 pigs, pigeons and fowls on intra- venous inoculation. The cultural charac- 

 teristics and staining reactions are the same as those of the fowl pasteurella. 

 Similar methods must also be adopted in examining tissues for the organism 

 and in isolating the bacillus ; it can only be found in the tissues of animals 

 which have died of the acute forms of the disease, and it gives very scanty 

 growths under anaerobic conditions. 



Oreste and Armanni have been able to vaccinate buffaloes against barbone 

 by inoculating them with attenuated cultures. 



Vassal immunized a number of calves by introducing into the peritoneal 

 cavities of the animals a Chamberland bougie filled with a broth culture of 

 the bacillus and hermetically sealed. Animals thus immunized with the 

 toxin stood the test inoculation and also yielded a serum having therapeutic 

 properties. 



5. PASTEURELLA OVIS. 



Different names have been given to the epizootic disease of sheep caused 

 by the sheep pasteurella, e.g. pneumo-enteritis (Galtier) ; various epizootics 

 described by Lignieres and perhaps also some described by other investigators 

 (Mercanti and Deny, Benoist and Caille and others) are due to this bacillus. 



The sheep pasteurella has all the characteristics of the group as already 

 described. It is somewhat difficult to grow when taken direct from animals 

 which have died of the spontaneous disease. The bacillus is always found in 

 the acute but very rarely in the chronic forms of the disease : it is pathogenic 

 for mice, rabbits, guinea-pigs, dogs, sheep and oxen. 



6. PASTEURELLA CAPR^E. 

 (The bacillus of infectious pneumonia of goats.) 



The infectious pneumonia of goats which occurs at the Cape, in India, 

 Germany, France, Turkey and elsewhere has been investigated bacterio- 

 logically by M. Nicolle and Refik Bey in Turkey. It is caused by a Pasteurella 

 which is easily isolated from the lesions in the lungs and from the mucous 

 secretions. 



This micro-organism has all the group characters of the pasteurella. It is 

 rapidly fatal to mice, rabbits and pigeons on sub-cutaneous inoculation, to 

 guinea-pigs when inoculated intra-peritoneally, and to goats and calves on 

 intra-pulmonary inoculation. Sub-cutaneous inoculation of goats slowly 

 produces a condition of cachexia. 



Animals can be immunized by the inoculation of sterilized cultures. 



7. PASTEURELLA EQUI. 



(The bacillus of haemorrhagic septicaemia of horses.) 



A large number of diseases of horses having very different clinical features 

 (typhoid fever, influenza, contagious pneumonia, pneumo-enteritis, pernicious 

 anaemia) appear to be due to one and the same micro-organism, the equine 

 pasteurella (Lignieres) ; but the primary (pasteurella) infection may be 

 followed by a secondary infection, so that the former may become obscured. 

 Possibly the disease itself is a secondary infection following an infection 

 with an invisible micro-organism (Chap. LXIV.). 



