560 THE BACILLUS OF QUARTER ILL 



the muscles of infected guinea-pigs in an equal volume of water is inoculated sub- 

 cutaneously. 



The serum of the goat after the second sub-cutaneous inoculation protects guinea- 

 pigs against the inoculation of a virulent maceration provided that the test inocula- 

 tion (0'5 c.c.) be made 1-3 days after that of the serum (1'5 c.c.). 



A mixture of the serum with the virus is harmless : serum inoculated at the same 

 time as the test inoculation but into a different part of the body does not protect 

 the animal, and similarly, the serum is without effect if inoculated after the virus. 



(6) Horses. Horses are inoculated intra-venously with 10-135 c.c. of cultures 

 in Martin's broth. The serum in doses of 1-5 c.c. immunizes guinea-pigs against 

 the inoculation of a drop of virulent exudate. No immunity is apparent until 12 

 hours after the inoculation of the serum and is of short duration at the most a 

 week. 



A mixture consisting of 3 c.c. of serum with 5 drops of culture is harmless. 

 Guinea-pigs treated with such a mixture show merely a transitory immunity lasting 

 at the outside 10 days. The serum is without any therapeutic effect on guinea- 



(v) Grassberger and Schattenfroh were unable to immunize guinea-pigs 

 with their toxin (supra). Rabbits and cattle on the other hand were easily 

 immunized : calves which had received a total quantity of 6070 c.c. of 

 toxin in two or three doses no longer reacted to the inoculation of 10 c.c. : 

 in 4-5 months their serum was so antitoxic that 0*0025 c.c. neutralized 1 c.c. 

 of normal toxin. 



This serum is prophylactic for guinea-pigs if inoculated before the toxin. If 

 mixed with the toxin the mixture is neutral (guinea-pigs, bovine animals, sheep 

 and rabbits) and induces a permanent immunity against the toxin (rabbits, sheep 

 and cattle, but not guinea-pigs). 



Guinea-pigs which have been treated with a prophylactic dose of the antitoxic 

 serum are immune to an inoculation of the Bacillus chauvcei. In cattle, prophylactic 

 inoculations of toxin or of the toxin -serum mixture do not always immunize against 

 the experimental disease but appear to yield better results in the case of the naturally 

 contracted infection. 



5. Agglutination. 



The serums of Leclainche and Vallee agglutinate the bacillus in dilutions 

 of 1 in 30 to 1 in 6,000. The serum of a cow infected with quarter ill agglu- 

 tinates the bacillus in a dilution of about 1 in 300. 



The serum of healthy animals only agglutinates the Bacillus chauvcei in 

 dilutions of less than 1 in 12. 



The bacillus of malignant oedema is not agglutinated by the serum in 

 dilutions above 1 in 12 and in the same way the anti-malignant-oedema 

 serum has no agglutinating action on the bacillus of quarter ill : both 

 serums have a strictly specific action (Leclainche and Vallee). 



