LAMBLIA INTESTINALIS 827 



followed by division of the protoplasm in the neighbourhood of the flagellum : the 

 two daughter cells gradually separate and a flagellum develops on the part which 

 has been deprived of it. 



Trichomonas c a vise. This parasite is responsible for certain epizootic diseases 

 among guinea-pigs (Galli- Valeric). The protozoon is found in large numbers on 

 the epithelial surface of the intestine. 



Trichomonas batracorum. T. batracorum lives in the intestines of frogs. It is 

 elongated and spindle-shaped, the anterior end being larger than the posterior and 

 provided with two or three flagella. The posterior end has a long flagellum attached 

 laterally. The undulating membrane, the free edge of which is serrated like the 

 teeth of a saw, extends from the anterior extremity to the base of the posterior 

 flagellum. 



Monas pyophila. This parasite has been found in the pus of a liver abscess in 

 Japan by Grimm. In appearance it is like that of a large spermatozoon (30-60/x 

 long) prolonged at one end in the form of a long appendix which terminates in a 

 flagellum. 



Bodo urinarius. This flagellate grows easily in alkaline urines ; it appears to be 

 an harmless organism and probably occurs in the encysted form in atmospheric dust, 

 and gains access to urine after the latter has been passed. It has been described by 

 Hassal, Salisbury, Kiinstler, Barrois and others and is variously known as B. urina- 

 rius, Plagiomonas irregularis, PI. urinaria, Cystomonas urinaria. 



It has an oval-shaped protoplasmic body (12-15/xx about 8/>t), the anterior end 

 being the larger and carrying two flagella : the posterior end is prolonged into an 

 elongated retractile point. 



SECTION III. LAMBLIA INTESTINALIS. 



Synonym. Megastoma entericum. 



This parasite was discovered by Lambl in the mucus in the stools of young 

 children. It has since been frequently found in the stools or intestinal 

 contents of persons in good health and in others affected with various 

 diseases, and especially in young children and persons suffering from tuber- 

 culous phthisis : it inhabits preferably the duodenum and jejunum. Noc 

 has recorded its occurrence in the stools of persons 

 suffering from Cochin China diarrhoea. LambliaB do 

 not appear to be pathogenic. Sometimes they are so 

 numerous as to cover a large part of the mucous 

 membrane of the small intestine ; in a patient affected 

 with chronic gastric catarrh Moritz and Holzl estimated 

 the number of parasites evacuated in 24 hours to be 

 18 thousand millions. Lamblise are also found in the 

 dog, cat, sheep, rabbit, rat, mouse, etc. 



Morphology. Lamblia intestinalis is pyriform in 

 shape and measures 10-20//, long by 5-10/x broad. 

 On one side of the larger extremity it presents a cup- 

 shaped depression. There are four pairs of flagella ; FIG. 402. Lamblia intes- 

 the first pair take origin from the anterior extremity, fSiakoln* Grassi and 

 the second and third pairs from the posterior end 



of the depression while the fourth pair are attached to the pointed posterior 

 end of the parasite : these flagella measure 7-1 4/x long, are directed back- 

 wards and are capable of varied movement. 



The protoplasm is generally granular : it possesses a nucleus situated 

 transversely and having the shape of a dumb-bell or an horse-shoe. 



In the intestine the parasite occurs on the surface of the villi and attaches 

 itself by means of the sucker to the epithelial cells, its posterior extremity 

 being then vertical to the surface or directed forwards. In the intestine 



