CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. INTRODUCTORY PLANTS IN NATURE 1 



II. GENERAL STRUCTURE AND WORK OF PLANTS .... 5 



III. ROOTS 24 



IV. THE STEM AND THE LEAF 39 



V. UNDERGROUND STEMS; STORAGE IN STEMS AND LEAVES; 



REPRODUCTION 72 



VI. BUDS AND BRANCHES 90 



VII. FLOWERS . . 104 



VIII. POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION 115 



IX. SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS; SEED DISTRIBUTION .... 136 



X. THE GREAT GROUPS OF PLANTS 156 



XL THE BACTERIA (SCHIZOMYCETES) 161 



XII. THE BLUE-GREEN ALG^: (CYANOPHYCE/E) 180 



XIII. THE GREEN ALG.E (CHLOROPHYCE^E) AND OTHER ALG^E 188 



XIV. THE ALG^-FUNGI (PHYCOMYCETES) 213 



XV. THE SAC FUNGI (ASCOMYCETES) ; THE LICHENS; THE 



BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCETES) 226 



XVI. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS (BRYOPHYTES) 257 



XVII. THE PTERIDOPHYTES 274 



XVIII. GYMNOSPERMS 299 



XIX. ANGIOSPERMS 321 



XX. SOME LEADING FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND 



THEIR USES 335 



XXI. FURTHER DISCUSSION OF DEPENDENT PLANTS . . . 371 



XXII. TIMBER : FORESTRY 390 



XXIII. PLANT BREEDING 412 



XXIV. FURTHER DISCUSSION OF PLANT INDUSTRIES .... 434 

 XXV. WEEDS 465 



XXVI. ECOLOGICAL GROUPS ; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF 



PLANTS 477 



APPENDIX 515 



GLOSSARY 520 



INDEX 533 



vii 



