PEEFACE V 



of the great groups. The relatively large importance to general 

 students of a knowledge of bacteria justifies the considerable 

 amount of space that is given to this group. 



The course outlined in this book will meet the needs of 

 students who wish to present botany for college entrance. 

 While the point of view is somewhat different from that which 

 is usual in elementary textbooks of botany, the topics treated 

 are those outlined for secondary schools by the Botanical Soci- 

 ety of America and the North Central Association of Colleges 

 and Secondary Schools. These units are the ones generally 

 recognized throughout the United States. 



The authors wish heartily to recognize the valuable assist- 

 ance that has been rendered them by the following authori- 

 ties : Professor Henry C. Cowles, Mr. George D. Fuller, and 

 Professor Edwin O. Jordan, of The University of Chicago; 

 Professor Benjamin M. Davis, of Miami University ; Professor 

 William F. Ganong, of Smith College; Director Charles E. 

 Thorne, Botanist Augustine D. Selby, and Agronomist C. G. 

 Williams, of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station ; Act- 

 ing Director Herbert J. Webber and Professor C. G. Warren, 

 of the New York State College of Agriculture ; and Professor 

 Edgar N.Transeau, of the Eastern Illinois State Normal School. 



A large number of high-school teachers of botany have 

 given suggestions and criticisms, and we desire to express 

 our appreciation of this assistance from those who are in 

 direct contact with the problems of teaching botany in sec- 

 ondary schools. Mr. William L. Eikenberry, of the University 

 High School, Chicago, has given abundantly of his experience 

 and his time in making suggestions and reading manuscript 

 and proof. Mr. Paul T. Sargent, Mr. E. N. Fischer, and 

 Mr. F. Schuyler Mathews, the illustrators, have added to 

 their artistic ability a genuine interest in the presentation of 

 plant life to beginning students, for which we wish to express 

 our appreciation. 



JOSEPH Y. BERGEN 

 OTIS W. CALDWELL 



