VASCULAR SYSTEM. 139 



Q. What are the appearances of an inflamed vein on 

 dissection ? 



t#. There is some redness of the inner coats, with 

 thickening of the outer tunics. Pus forms on the exterior 

 coats, and lymph on the internal coat in phlebitis. 



Q. In what direction does venous inflammation ex- 

 tend? 



ift. In general between the orifice or puncture and the 

 heart. 



Q. How are venous dilatations divided? 



/?. Into local and general; and into those of the gene- 

 ral venous and those of the vena portal system. 



Q. What are these dilatations called ? 



*&. Varices in the general venous system; and haemor- 

 rhoids when they appear in the vena portal system near 

 the rectum. 



Q. What is the appearance of a varix? 



,#. It is a blue soft tumour, which increases in propor- 

 tion to the compression between it and the heart. 



Q. What causes a varix? 



*#. It occurs when the coats of the vein cannot main- 

 tain the gravity of a column of blood. 



Q. Where are these varices most frequent? 



*ft. In the spermatic veins, and those of the inferior ex- 

 tremities. They are seldom seen in the superior parts of 

 the body. I have seen an enormous dilatation of the left 

 jugular vein, from obstruction to the passage of blood from 

 the right side of the heart. 



Q. How many kinds of hsemorrhoidal dilatations ? 



A. Two; one with rupture of the venous coats; the 

 other without. There are haemorrhoids from which the 



