THE IMPLEMENTS OF THE FARM. 5 



of the drain; a cross staff measure and spirit level com- 

 bined ; and poles for setting off drains. 



Brick, Tile, and Pipe Machines are used for making 

 draining pipes. A steam-driven machine, consisting of two 

 pairs of rollers, crushes, pugs, and expresses the clay 

 through the dies in a continuous stream and the bricks, 

 tiles, or pipes may be placed in the drying sheds without 

 handling. The clay requires less weathering than when 

 hand power is employed, and is often wheeled in barrows 

 or railway trucks direct from the pit to the machine. 

 From the clay being thus better ground, and made, it is 

 expressed through the dies in a drier state, and hence 

 is sooner ready for the kiln. Indeed, green bricks may 

 go direct to the kiln, being dried with the waste heat of 

 the cooling and burning bricks. Roofing tiles and drain- 

 ing pipes are similarly made. In large works kilns are 

 built in several compartments one for burning, one for 

 cooling, one for emptying, and another for filling. There 

 is a common chimney, and any of the fire flues can be 

 shut off or on as required. 



Cultivating Implements. The plough consists essen- 

 tially of a coulter for cutting the land side of the furrow 

 slice, a share for cutting its lower surface from the subsoil, 

 and a mould board for turning the slice thus detached, on 

 its edges, thus inverting it and laying it against the last 

 slice cut. These parts are connected in a frame including 

 beam and handles above and side plate and slade below. 

 We do not propose to occupy space with describing it in 

 detail ; it will suffice to point out the great variety now in 

 use. Ploughs are of different kinds as paring, ordinary, 



