8 THE EQUIPMENT OF THE FARM. 



with two implements between engines on opposite head- 

 lands. It is plain that this is a mere catalogue of the 

 several methods of steam culture in operation. We make 

 no attempt at description or advocacy. Nor can we find 

 room here for any account of the advantages which have 

 attended the adoption of steam cultivation. 



Harrows frames several feet wide and long, carrying 

 equidistant teeth eight to ten inches long are used for 

 breaking the surface clods after the plough or cultivator, or 

 for bringing clods to the surface to be smashed by the 

 roller. They are also required to detach weeds from land 

 which has been stirred, bringing them to the surface to be 

 destroyed ; also for covering seed after it has been sown 

 either by the hand or drill. They are now almost exclu- 

 sively made of iron, the beams being of a zig-zag form, 

 two, three, or four beams to one harrow ; two, three, four, 

 five, or six harrows to one whippletree or set ; five or six 

 tines in each beam. Heavy drag harrows may have chisel- 

 shaped, or duck-footed tines ; and some are in principle 

 light cultivators with self-lifting wheels. There are also 

 circular harrows that turn on a central axis slightly inclined 

 from a vertical position, so that the tines sink deeper on 

 one side than the other, causing them to rotate on being 

 hauled forward. Chain harrows, constructed as a coarse 

 coat of mail, are composed of plain, circular, or poly- 

 gonal rings, toothed rings, and tripods the latter con- 

 nected by rings or links, the teeth being longer on one side 

 than on the other, so that either surface of the harrow can 

 be used as the nature of the land or meadow requires. 

 They are serviceable for merely surface action, as when seeds 

 require to be lightly covered, or when manure requires to 

 be spread on grass land. Harrows for steam power are 



