SO THE EQUIPMENT OF THE FARM. 



Water power. Water-wheels are of four kinds : (1) the 

 over-shot, in which the water falls on the top of the wheel ; 

 (2) the breast-wheel, in which the water is led on about 

 level with the axle ; (3) the under- shot wheel, driven from 

 below by the force of the flowing stream, and (4), the turbine 

 wheel, in which the water acts horizontally upon arms 

 forming a vertical axis. This latter is the oldest wheel. It 

 has of late been greatly improved in detail, and is now fast 

 superseding the other three kinds. 



Windmills are of two kinds: (1) "Post mills," in which 

 the whole structure forming the mill-house turns on a 

 vertical bearing or post so as to permit of the " axis of the 

 vanes," or sail arms turning with the wind ; (2) Tower 

 mills, in which the roof, or " cap " with the sails, turns on 

 the mill-house, of a circular or tower form. Wind-power 

 in various forms is still employed for pumping from wells, 

 and in apparatus for draining fen lands ; but steam is now 

 generally preferred for either purpose. 



