38 THE EQUIPMENT OF THE FARM. 



10 acres every second year are sufficient for this purpose. 

 Barley is more grown than either wheat or oats, and there 

 are no pulse crops. There was actually under cropping in 

 1883 17 acres barley, 6 acres clover, 10 acres green crops, 

 and 11 acres from which a crop of second year's clover had 

 been made into hay, but since ploughed up and fallowed as 

 a seed-bed for wheat to be sown in October. Two crops 

 of clover were mown from it in 1882, so that three mowings 

 have been made into hay in two years. Although a large 

 quantity of manure is made from cattle and sheep liberally 

 fed, still the swedes are generally grown by the use of only 

 mineral superphosphate and nitrate of soda. 



There are 34 acres of upland meadow, and of this about 

 10 acres are kept in good heart by the application of liquid 

 manure, collected first in tanks, and then by means of 

 chain pumps pumped into a barrel on wheels and carted on. 

 The remaining 24 acres meadow are manured annually 

 either with manure carted on, or with cake fed on. Eleven 

 acres of this meadow were, ten years since, old tilled arable 

 land; but by annual dressings of farmyard manure, and 

 by continuous consumption in spring and autumn of oil- 

 cakes, fairly good mowings are now got every year. Of the 

 remaining 164 acres in pasture, 59 acres are of new turf. 



The whole area of the farm putting on one side house, 

 buildings, garden, &c. is 240 acres of cultivable land. Of 

 this whole, less than one-fifth is sufficient for straw and 

 green crops. About one- seventh is sufficient for hay 

 always bearing in mind that there is also the annual help 

 of, say, 8 acres of clover hay from the arable land. 



Three waggon mares are the staff of farm horses, and two 

 of these are annually used for breeding, the foals being sold. 

 From forty to forty-five dairy cows are kept, from which 



