SMALL HILL COUNTRY FARMS. 41 



(more if it is available), and 5 cwt. of superphosphate. 

 About 17 acres of meadows and 22 acres of seed grass are 

 annually mown for hay, after which stock are pastured upon 

 them, and by this means they are manured ; or they may 

 have, additional, 4 cwt. per acre of guano and salt two- 

 thirds guano to one of salt. Sheep, cattle, and horses, fed 

 on the land, keep the pastures in heart, with the addition 

 of 5 cwt. per acre of bone meal about once in five years. 



The live stock of the farm, in addition to pigs and 

 poultry comprises about twenty milch cattle, one-half of the 

 milk being sold as whole milk in the neighbouring town, 

 and the other half made into butter. A Shorthorn pedi- 

 gree bull is kept. All the heifer calves are reared, the 

 bull calves are steered and fatted, with other bullocks 

 brought in, as fodder will allow. Some ten or twelve 

 bullocks are annually fatted. The ordinary food grown on 

 the farm is supplemented by oilcake and peameal. Six 

 work horses are kept, including a couple of brood mares, 

 usually put to a Clydesdale sire. About 100 sheep are 

 wintered, of which sixty to seventy are breeding ewes, half 

 and three-parts bred Leicesters. The ewe lambs are kept, 

 and the ram lambs fatted for butcher, and also the drawn 

 ewes, the young ones taking the places. 



The implements comprise threshing machine, worked by 

 horse power, but the aid of the steam thresher is got when 

 possible ; 2-horse mowing machine, 1-horse reaper, hay 

 rake, hay elevator, double turnip drill, corn seed drill, 

 5 yards wide, one double-furrow plough for lea, two single 

 ploughs for fallows, two double mould-board ploughs for 

 ridging : two scufflers, three sets of seed harrows, one 

 chain harrow, one grubber, one iron roller, two saddle 

 harrows, five tilt carts, forks, rakes, &c. The labour 



