THE EQUIPMENT OF THE FARM. 



permanent pasture in the table, it appears that the horse 

 power needed for plough land of all sorts is 69 for 1955 

 acres, or a pair for every 57 acres of arable land, or 

 (calculating without the use of the 8th farm in the table) 

 one pair for every 16 acres of fallow crop. 



But as we ought to aim at the utmost economy, and not 

 only at the average, it is worth while considering the cases 

 of one or two individual farms on our table. In the north 

 country farm, No. 5, there are 16 horses worked on 610 

 acres, of which 550 are arable, and 134 are fallow crops, 

 including no less than 38 acres of potatos. Deducting one 

 horse for the 60 acres of permanent grass, we have 15 

 horses managing 550 acres arable of which 134 acres are 

 fallow crops ; and this is a pair for every 73 acres arable, 

 much of it being a remarkably laborious fallow crop. 



Hand Labour. The greater economy of Scotch farms will 

 be still more distinctly brought out, if the provision of hand 

 labour for the farm is also considered. The cost of this per 

 acre varies of course according to the quantity of grass as 

 compared with grain and fallow crops grown on the arable 

 land. And it varies exceedingly according to the size of the 

 farm and the custom of the country. On a small Cheshire 

 farm carrying however a herd of 30 dairy cows with 

 about 40 acres of arable land, a single man throughout the 

 year, with help at harvest time, will, with the farmer and his 

 family, sometimes suffice. Elsewhere the labour will 

 generally amount to from 30s. to 35s. per acre, according 

 to the rotation of cropping adopted, and the proportion of 

 land which is every year accordingly in clover ; and it often 

 amounts to more than 40s. an acre. 



In the case of the fifth farm in the above table it will be 



