GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 51 



seen that the cost of labour did not exceed 21s. an acre, 

 where 550 acres out of a total of 610 were arable 176 

 indeed, being clover, but 134 being fallow crops of very 

 heavy kinds. Here only 9 men were employed with horses 

 and livestock. They were paid on the whole 44 10s. 

 annually, or about 17s. a week apiece throughout the year 

 and the total amount of extra labour employed did not 

 exceed 234 a year. Women are largely employed on 

 Scotch farms, as in turnip hoeing, manure spreading, 

 potato planting and harvesting; and at corn harvest too. 

 If this be contrasted with the Worcestershire farm, No. 8 

 on our list, where, however, a considerable extent of land is 

 devoted to what may be called garden produce fruit, 

 cabbage growing, and other vegetables the contrast is 

 great. The labour bill amounts here to about 58s. an 

 acre, wages being 13s. Qd. in winter, 15s. in summer, and 

 30s. a week during harvest. 



The tenant of a farm coming newly to his occupation 

 will generally find the land already provided with its 

 labourers ; and his work of reorganizing the work must 

 not be violently set about. The introduction of piece 

 work payments will enable him gradually in all probability 

 to improve the previous practice. The quickening of the 

 whole practice of the farm, which this will enable, will be 

 the first step towards ultimate economy. And in the 

 adoption, if possible, of altered horse management in 

 districts where the practice prevails of working from 7 till 

 2, with an idle hour in the field for a mid-day bite, there 

 will be another opportunity of economising and quickening 

 the whole labour of the farm. Undoubtedly English 

 farmers, have, as a rule, a great deal to learn from 

 north country men, in just that part of farm practice which 



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