104 THE EQUIPMENT OF THE FARM. 



covered yard is its better conservancy of the manure. 

 For dairy cows the double stall under good manage- 

 ment is to be preferred. Though not so convenient or 

 economical as regards labour, the single rowed cow-house 

 is the more healthy. A building of equal width to that of 

 the stable is necessary for the cowshed. No cowshed 

 should be without a feeding passage in front. This should 

 be 3 feet 6 inches wide ; manger, 2 feet 6 inches ; standing, 

 7 feet from manger front to lip of gutter ; gutter, 15 inches 

 wide and 3 inches deep. This leaves a clear passage of 4 feet 

 3 inches behind the cows, and gives, with ordinary length 

 of roof, a cubic space of fully 600 feet to each animal, which 

 is equal to the requirements of the Metropolitan Dairies 

 Eegulation Act. The best mangers are fire-clay troughs, 

 specially manufactured, of a size exactly suited to the width 

 of the stall. The stall divisions are of wood ; oak posts 

 are used for the back, 6 inches square in section, into 

 which are housed grooved top and bottom rails, and these 

 are filled in with 1 inch elm boards ; the height may be 

 from 3 feet 6 inches at the heel, to 4 feet 6 inches at the 

 shoulder. A third post of equal dimensions is placed out- 

 side the manger, and the space is filled in to complete the 

 division between each pair of stalls. Three lines of 1 J-inch 

 gas-pipe pass through the further posts, in order to divide 

 the manger from the feeding passage. 



On extensive tillage farms, where large quantities of 

 straw have to be converted into manure, and a large head 

 of cattle must be kept, it is often found necessary to confine 

 them in yards provided on one or more sides with open 

 sheds. The sheds should be provided with a manger and 

 furnished with bullock ties, in order that the animals may 

 be tied up when artificial food is used. There should be 



