VI APPENDIX THE FIRST. 



Hoyle) and all the cards are well mixed. Each common 

 card counts for the number of spots on it, and the court 

 cards are each reckoned as ten. A table is divided into 

 two compartments, one called rouge, the other noir, and 

 a player stakes his money in which he pleases. The 

 proprietor of the bank, who risks against all comers, then 

 lays down cards in one compartment until the number of 

 spots exceed 30 ; as soon as this has happened, he 

 proceeds in the same way with the other compartment. 

 The number of spots in each compartment is then be- 

 tween 31 and 40, both inclusive, and that compartment 

 wins which has the lower number of spots ; so that if, 

 for instance, there should be 37 spots in the rouge, and 

 32 in the noir, those players who staked upon noir 

 would win from the bank sums equal to their stakes. If 

 the number of spots be the same in both (which is called 

 in Hoyle a refait) the game is drawn, and the parties 

 withdraw, diminish, or augment their stakes at pleasure, 

 for a new game : except only when the number of spots 

 in both compartments is 31 (called in Hoyle a refait 

 trente et un), in which case the bank is allowed to with- 

 draw its stakes, and those of the players, whatever their 

 compartment may be, are impounded (placed en prison). 

 In the next game (now called an apres), the impounded 

 stakes are played for, the players choosing their com- 

 partments as before : should the bank win it takes the 

 stake, should the bank lose the player recovers his stake. 

 Should a second refait trente et un occur, or a drawn 

 game, the stakes still remain impounded, and are not 

 released until a gain or loss arrives. In the meanwhile 

 new stakes may be put down, before the fate of the old 

 ones is decided. 



The chances of this game depend, in a slight degree, 

 upon the number of packs of cards which are mixed 

 together. When, however, there are as many packs as 

 six, it is very nearly * indeed the same thing as if the 



* The only ways in which 31, for example, could be obtained from an un- 

 limited number of packs, and which could not equally well be obtained from 

 six packs, are those in which more than 24 aces occur. Now the proba- 



