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engines and machinery used in the arts, or in the common 

 intercourse of society. The horse, the elephant, the camel, 

 the dromedary, the ox, the ass, the mule, the rein-deer, the 

 dog, the lama, and the buffalo, have long employed their 

 physical strength in the service of mankind. Horses were 

 as common in the armies of the Pharaohs, and of the 

 Israelites, and at the Trojan war, as at the present day. 

 Soloman had forty thousand stalls for the horses of his 

 household, and employed dromedaries as beasts of bur- 

 then. Armed elephants were used in the Persian ar- 

 mies before the invasions of Alexander the Great, and 

 were even marched into the centre of Italy. Dogs were 

 employed by the Lydians to hunt the boars of Mount 

 Olympus before the time of Herodotus. Regular posts 

 were established in Persia by means of horses before the 

 time of Xerxes. Camels were used in travelling in the 

 days of Abraham, about 2000 years before Christ, and 

 they were employed as beasts of burthen by the Persians 

 in their wars against the Lydians. Cyrus gained a signal 

 victory over the forces of Croesus, by employing a troop of 

 camels to frighten the horses of the Lydian Prince. Han- 

 nibal struck terror into the Roman army by a night stra- 

 tagem, with oxen. Asses were employed by the Israelites 

 as beasts of burthen four thousand years ago, as they are 

 employed in the same countries, at the present time. 



We employ the watchfulness of the dog, the cat, and 

 some other domestic animals, to protect our property. We 

 employ the strength of the elephant, and the fleetness of 

 the horse, to defend our lives from danger. Bats, birds, 

 and insectivorous Quadrupeds, check the ravages of insects, 

 and protect the fruits of the field for our use. Birds and 

 insects, by devouring the putrid carcases of animals, check 

 the infectious emanations, which otherwise would corrupt 

 the air. Carnivorous Quadrupeds and rapacious Birds 

 form a necessary restraint to the too rapid increase of the 

 weaker tribes, which find a never-failing abundance of food 

 in the vegetable covering of the earth. 



