4 STUDIES OF TREES 



tivation in the parks. The pines form a very important 

 class of timber trees, and produce beautiful effects when 

 planted in groups in the parks. 



How to tell them from each other: The pine needles 

 are arranged in clusters', see Fig. 1. Each species has a 

 certain characteristic number of needles to the cluster and 

 this fact generally provides the simplest and most direct 

 way of distinguishing the different pines. 



In the white pine there are five needles to each cluster, 

 in the pitch pine three, and in the Scotch pine two. The 

 Austrian pine also has two needles to the cluster, but the 

 difference in size and character of the needles will dis- 

 tinguish this species from the Scotch pine. 



THE WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus) 



Distinguishing characters : The tree can be told at close 

 range by the number of needles to each cluster, Fig. 2. There 

 are five needles to each cluster of the white pine. They 

 are bluish green, slender, and about four inches in length. 



At a distance the tree may be told by the right angles 

 which the branches form with the main trunk, Fig. 3. No 

 other pine shows this character. 



Form and size: A tall tree, the stateliest of the ever- 

 greens. 



Range : Eastern North America. 



Soil and location: Prefers a deep, sandy soil, but 

 will grow in almost any soil. 



Enemies : Sucking insects forming white downy patches 

 on the bark and twigs, the white pine weevil, a boring insect, 

 and the white pine blister rust, a fungus, are among its prin- 

 cipal enemies. 



Value for planting: Aside from its value as an orna- 



