THE PINES 9 



Other characters: The fruit is a cone one to three 

 inches long, persistent on the tree for several years. 



THE SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris) 



Distinguishing characters: There are two needles to 

 each cluster, and these are short compared with those of the 

 white pine, and slightly twisted', see Fig. 6. The bark, 

 especially along the upper portion of the trunk, is reddish 

 in color. 



Form and size: A medium-sized tree with a short 

 crown. 



Range: Europe, Asia, and eastern United States. 



Soil and location: Will do best on a deep, rich, sandy 

 soil, but will also grow on a dry, porous soil. 



Enemies: In Europe the Scotch pine has several 

 insect enemies, but in America it appears to be free from 

 injury. 



Value for planting: Suitable for windbreaks and wood- 

 land planting. Many excellent specimens may also be 

 found in our parks. 



Commercial value: In the United States, the wood 

 is chiefly used for fuel, though slightly used for barrels, 

 boxes, and carpentry. In Europe, the Scotch pine is an 

 important timber tree. 



Comparisons: The Scotch pine is apt to be confused 

 with the Austrian pine (Pinus austriaca), because they 

 both have two needles to each cluster. The needles of 

 the Austrian pine, however, are much longer, coarser, 

 straighter, and darker than those of the Scotch pine; 

 Fig. 1. The form of the Austrian pine, too, is more sym- 

 metrical and compact. 



