THE SPRUCE AND HEMLOCK 13 



to temperate North America, Japan, and Central and 

 Western China. 



How to tell them from each other: The needles and 

 branches of the spruce are coarse; those of the hemlock 

 are flat and graceful. The individual leaflets of the spruce, 

 Fig. 9, are four-sided and green or blue on the under side, 

 while those of the hemlock, Fig. 10, are flat and are marked 

 by two white lines on the under side. 



THE NORWAY SPRUCE (Picea excelsa) 



Distinguishing characters: The characteristic appear- 

 ance of the full-grown tree is due to the drooping branch- 

 lets carried on main branches which bend upward (Fig. 7). 



Leaf: The leaves are dark green in color and are 

 arranged spirally, thus making the twigs coarser to the 

 touch than the twigs of the hemlock or fir. In cross-sec- 

 tion, the individual leaflet is quadrilateral, while that of 

 the pine is triangular. 



Form and size : A large tree with a straight, undivided 

 trunk and a w r ell-shaped, conical crown (Fig. 7). 



Range: Northern Europe, Asia, northern North 

 America. 



Soil and location: Grows in cool, moist situations. 



Enemies : The foliage of . the spruce is sometimes 

 affected by red spider, but is apt to be more seriously injured 

 by drought, wind, and late frosts. 



Value for planting: Commonly planted as an orna- 

 mental tree and for hedges. It does well for this purpose 

 in a cool northern climate, but in the vicinity of New York 

 City and further south it does not do as well, losing its 

 lower branches at an early age, and becoming generally 

 scraggly in appearance. 



