THE RED CEDAR AND ARBOR-VITAE 19 



GROUP III. THE RED CEDAR AND ARBOR-VITAE 



How to tell them from other trees: The red cedar 

 (juniper) and arbor-vitae may be told from other trees by 

 their leaves, which remain on the tree and keep green 

 throughout the entire year. These leaves differ from those 

 of the other evergreens in being much shorter and of a 

 distinctive shape as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. The trees 

 themselves are much smaller than the other evergreens 

 enumerated in this book. Altogether, there are thirty- 

 five species of juniper recognized and four of arbor vitse. 

 The junipers are widely distributed over the northern 

 hemisphere, from the Arctic region down to Mexico in the 

 New World, and in northern Africa, China, and Japan 

 in the Old World. The arbor-vitse is found in northeastern 

 and northwestern America, China, and Japan. -The species 

 mentioned here are those commonly found in America. 



How to tell them from each other: The leaves of the 

 arbor-vitae are flat and fan-like as in Fig. 13; the leaves of 

 the red cedar are needle-shaped or scale-like as in Fig. 12. 

 The foliage of the arbor-vitse is of a lighter color than that 

 of the red cedar, which is sombre green. The arbor-vita; 

 will generally be found growing in moist locations, while 

 the red cedar will grow in dry places as well. The arbor- 

 vitae generally retains its lower branches in open places, 

 while the branches of the red cedar start at some distance 

 from the ground. 



RED CEDAR (Juniperus virginiana) 



Distinguishing characters: The tree can best be told 

 at a glance by its general form, size and leaves. It is a 

 medium-sized tree with a symmetrical, cone-like form, 



