INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TREES 143 



In large trees it may be necessary to climb to the crotches 

 of the main limbs to get some of them. The third remedy 

 lies in gathering and destroying the adult beetles when found 

 in their winter quarters. The application of bands of 

 burlap or " tanglefoot/' or of other substances often seen 

 on the trunks of elm trees is useless, since these bands 

 only prevent the larva? from crawling down from the leaves 

 to the base and serve to prevent nothing from crawling up. 

 Scraping the trunks of elm trees is- also a waste of effort. 



THE TUSSOCK MOTH 



Life history: This insect appears in the form of a 

 red-headed, yellow-colored caterpillar during the latter 

 part of May, and in June and July. The caterpillars 

 surround themselves with silken cocoons and change into 

 pupse. The mature moths emerge from the cocoons after 

 a period of about two weeks, and the females, which 

 are wingless, soon deposit their eggs on the bark of trees, 

 on twigs, fences, and other neighboring objects. These 

 eggs form white clusters of nearly 350 individual eggs each, 

 arid are very conspicuous all winter, see Fig. 101. 



Remedies: There are two ways of combating this 

 insect: (1) By spraying with arsenate of lead for the cater- 

 pillars during the latter part of May and early June. 

 (2) By removing and destroying the egg masses in the fall 

 or winter. 



THE GIPSY MOTH 



Life history: This insect, imported from Europe to 

 this country in 1868, has ever since proved a serious enemy 

 of most shade, forest, and fruit trees in the New England 



