230 STUDIES OF TREES 



row, Fig. 150 (several rows in slippery elm), round, tyloses 

 present. Color brown, often with reddish tinge. Odorless 

 and tasteless. Wood rather heavy and hard, tough, often 

 difficult to split. The peculiar arrangement of the pores in 

 the late wood readily distinguishes elm from all other woods 

 except hackberry, from which it may be told by the fact 

 that in elm the medullary rays are indistinct, while they are 

 quite distinct in hackberry; moreover, the color of hackberry 

 is yellow or grayish yellow instead of brown or reddish 

 brown as in elm. 



The wood is used principally for slack cooperage; also for 

 hubs, baskets, agricultural implements, and fuel. 



Sycamore Beech Birch 



FIG. 151. (Magnified about 8 times.) 



B. Diffuse-porous. 



1. Pores varying in size from rather large to minute, the largest 

 being in the early wood. Intermediate between ring-porous 

 and diffuse-porous. 



Black Walnut. Color rich dark or chocolate brown. Odor 

 mild but characteristic. Tasteless or nearly so. Wood 

 parenchyma in numerous, fine tangential lines. Wood 

 heavy and hard, moderately stiff and strong. 

 The wood is used principally for furniture, cabinets, interior 

 finish, moulding, and gun stocks. 



2. Pores all minute or indistinct, evenly distributed throughout 

 annual ring. 



(a) With conspicuously broad rays. 



1. Sycamore. Fig. 151. Rays practically all broad. 

 Color light brown, often with dark stripes or " feather 



