492 STUDIES, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL CHAP, xxv 



of mills or other costly machinery, and through the healthy 

 rivalry that would inevitably spring up all these varied 

 influences would still further increase the benefits to be 

 derived from them and the pleasures of associated life. 

 And these advantages would in a less degree spread to 

 every inhabitant of our country. For, not only would the 

 withdrawal of the whole surplus labour now represented 

 by the unemployed or partially employed, inevitably cause 

 a considerable increase in the rate of wages in all 

 departments of industry, but the high standard of comfort 

 and the complete absence of the anxiety now inseparable 

 from capitalistic wage-labour, would draw more and more 

 of the workers to such co-operative communities and thus 

 compel capitalists to offer yet higher wages, with probably 

 a share of profits and a voice in the management of their 

 factories in order to obtain men to work for them. This 

 would compel the capitalist manufacturer to be satisfied 

 with an amount of profit sufficient to pay him as an 

 organiser and superintendent, as the only alternative to 

 the loss of his fixed capital. 



The whole of the surplus profits in all our industries 

 would then be distributed among the various classes of 

 workers, manual and intellectual, and labour would, for the 

 first time, receive its full and just reward. 



