358 The Study of Animal Life APP. 



of animals in their individual life (embryology), nor of their gradual 

 appearance upon the earth (palaeontology), nor about their distri- 

 bution in space. As regards embryology, begin with the article 

 in Chambers's Encyclopedia, and pass thence to the text-books 

 of A. C. Haddon, F. M. Balfour, M. Foster and F. M. Balfour, 

 O. Herfwig, Heider and Korschelt, etc. A short account of 

 distribution in time will be found in A. Heilprin's Distribution of 

 Animals (International Science Series), from which advanced 

 students may pass to the Text -book of Paleontology by H. A. 

 Nicholson and R. Lydekker (2 vols., Lond. and Edin., 1889), to 

 the French work of Gaudry, Les enchainements du monde animal 

 dans les temps geologiques (Paris, 1888-90), or to the German 

 works of Zittel and of Neumayr. Heilprin's book is again the 

 best introduction to the study of distribution in space, while 

 Wallace's Geographical Distribution of Animals (Lond., 1876) 

 remains the principal work of reference. 



For progressive research I may refer the student to the Journal 

 of the Royal Microscopical Society (edited by Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell), 

 which gives summaries of recent researches ; the Quarterly Journal 

 of Microscopical Science (edited by Profs. E. Ray Lankester, Klein, 

 Sedgwick, and Milnes Marshall) ; and of course Nature, in which 

 summaries and discussions are often to be found. More popular 

 journals are the American Naturalist and Natural Science. 



Of all elementary books the best to begin with are two volumes 

 by "A. B. Buckley, Life and her Children (backboneless animals), 

 and Winners in Life's Race (backboned animals) ; but I shall now 

 mention other ways of beginning. 



B. Natural History. 



" Certain dreadfully scientific persons, who call themselves by 

 the name of naturalists, seem to consider zoology and comparative 

 anatomy as convertible terms. When they see a creature new to 

 them, they are seized with a burning desire to cut it up, to analyse 

 it, to get it under the microscope, to publish a learned book about 

 it which no one can read without an expensive Greek lexicon, and 

 to put up its remains in cells and bottles. They delight in an 

 abnormal heemapophysis ; they pin their faith on a pterygoid pro- 

 cess ; they stake their reputation on the number of tubercules on 

 a second molar tooth ; and they quarrel with each other about a 

 notch on the basisphenoid bone." Thus, in a breezy way, did the 

 Rev. J. G. Wood laugh at the morphological zoologists. But his 

 good-humoured criticism is apt to be misleading. For if science, 

 as such, be justifiable, the work of the anatomist is warranted as 



