19 



pagne cider is not, properly speaking-, a pure cider, but is fortified by 

 addition of sugar. 



It appears that even in the best cider districts of England there are 

 no really accepted names for ciders which can be depended upon by 

 purchasers. The name of the maker is practically the only mark 

 worthy of consideration. This state of affairs, however, is in fair way 

 to remedy itself, as the industry is rapidly developing on special lines, 

 and certain class designations, such as still ciders, sparkling ciders, 

 champagne ciders (both dry and sweet), of approximate alcoholic 

 strength, will soon come to be recognized in the trade. The Bulmers, 

 at Hereford, seem already to have reached a high degree of perfection 

 in the preparation of their goods, and Mr. Charles Dacres Wise, at 

 the estate of Lord Sudley, in Gloucestershire, was putting up a veiy 

 excellent grade of both still and sparkling- ciders and perry, the latter 

 being made from the fruit of the pear. Nothing so interesting- in the 

 way of a country plant was found as that of Hon. C. W. Radcliffe 

 Cook, at Hellens, near Dymock, Herefordshire. This country gentle- 

 man, an ex-member of Parliament, was personally devoting- himself to 

 the manufacture of cider in a small way, with the most primitive 

 machinery, and yet producing a good sound article. It was, however, 

 at Butleigh Court, the country seat of R. Neville Greenville, esq., 

 that the best experimental work on cider manufacture found in Eng- 

 land was seen. These establishments will be mentioned more fully 

 under a subsequent head. 



PRINCIPAL CIDER-PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. 



When this inquiry in Europe was begun, the writer was somewhat 

 imbued with the notion, so prevalent in the United States, that cider 

 making could only be regarded as a secondary affair, a method of util- 

 izing inferior fruit in the manufacture of a product of some local 

 value, but not as an industry of general importance. However im- 

 portant the saving- of the low-grade or unmerchantable fruit might be 

 to our growers, it had not seemed as though cider making could be 

 ranked as a great industry. Interest in the matter had been mainly 

 aroused by what seemed to be a scientific question of some moment, 

 with fairly promising economic possibilities. 



RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE CIDER INDUSTRY IN DIFFERENT 



COUNTRIES. 



In England evidences were found of an industry fairly well founded, 

 and in France and Germany there exists a great industry already well 

 developed and employing millions of capital in the aggregate, with 

 large areas of country devoted to growing cider fruits as an industry. 



France, by reason of the extent of its manufacture, is easily the 

 leading cider country of the world, followed by Germany, England, 



