50 



shown in the illustration (fig. 1). This temporary rack is matted on 

 the bottom and sides with straw and the fruit is then poured in. Such 

 an arrangement permits of holding the fruit quite clean, and it can be 

 covered with straw to protect from early freezes. 



""'AjHW- \b,";'.M$ ..,*<.<IW( 



FIG. 1. Bin made of hurdles for outdoor storage of apples, used in England. 



The English customs of handling fruit are in the main about the same 

 as those in the United States. There is little or no shipping of cider 

 fruit, such as there is in France. It may be proper to say here that 

 the French system of sacking this fruit in the orchard for transporta- 

 tion, either by wagon or rail, seems to be well worthy of adoption 

 by us. 



CIDER-MAKING ESTABLISHMENTS. 



The present manufacture of cider in Europe embraces establish- 

 ments ranging all the way from the most primitive farm affairs to the 

 most elaborate modern factory. Primitive methods of manufacture 

 play a very important part in the grand total of product, and the users 

 of primitive apparatus in many cases make an article equal to the best 

 product of modern factories. 



Notwithstanding the tendency everywhere manifest toward the 

 modern factory system, it seems that the cider industry is so peculiarly 

 adapted to the farm that it should be the effort of orchardists, or at 

 least of small communities, to conduct this work at home, and by 

 making superior cider, vinegar, etc., from unmerchantable fruits, 

 secure to themselves the very satisfactory profits which accrue to such 

 a business rightly conducted. 



