104 



forated, as shown, and glass tubes, with small rubber hose connections, 

 are used to convey .the gas from the cylinder to the casks. The device 



FIG. 21. Devise for charging casks with carbon dioxid in storage cellar. 



at the bottom is a 4-way rubber cross which admits of using four 

 short distributing pipes in the liquor. As this joint is 

 made with rubber connections, it is perfectly flexible and 

 can easily be inserted and removed from the casks. 



The device shown in figure 22 is used to sulphur the 

 casks. This may be used when cleaning barrels to destroy 

 fungous organisms, but it is chiefly used abroad to sul- 

 phur the casks just before running the liquor into them, 

 both at first and second fermentation. Thorough sul- 

 phuring will largely destroy the vegetable organisms 

 which may be present in the casks. If they are not after- 

 wards rinsed carefully, too much sulphur may remain in 

 the casks so that the after fermentation will be hindered 

 and a taste of sulphur may even be contributed to the 

 cider. Perfectly clean water should be used for rinsing. 

 The sulphur match is placed in the cup, then lighted, 

 and is lowered burning into the cask until the tapering 

 bung closes the opening. It will burn until the oxygen 

 is exhausted, when it should be removed. By this device 

 none of the sulphur is permitted to fall into the cask. 



FILTERING OR CLARIFYING THE CIDER. 



The best English and French makers agree in the 

 statement that filtering of ciders is a very laborious and 

 unsatisfactory process, resulting usually in loss of quality 

 to the product. The Germans, on the contrary, are more 

 FIG. 22.-Device f avora bl e to the filter. Filtering cider appears to be a 



for burning sul- it. .m 



phur match in process much more difficult, ordinarily, than filtering 

 wine made from grapes, and should be avoided if pos- 

 sible. The reason for this is the presence of mucilaginous substances 

 in the liquor. However, unless a cider can be racked quite free from 



