468 Chapter XV 



is trifling or nil. On the other hand, it is complete and persists for 

 several months when the protective serum is injected separately on 

 one side of the body and the virulent blood on the other. 



Kolle and Turner had to defend their method against many ill- 

 founded objections and attacks, but they succeeded in getting it 

 accepted, not only in Cape Colony but also in many other parts of 

 Africa, and in many countries in Europe and in Asia. In 1898 it was 

 decided at a conference which met in Cape Town to use the method of 

 simultaneous vaccinations to the exclusion of all others. This method 

 has since been applied on a very large scale and it was not long before 

 favourable results were obtained. The same method has proved to 

 be very successful with Nicolle and Adil-Bey 1 of Constantinople, 

 who now prepare large quantities of the antirinderpest serum, and 

 combat this disease with great success in the Ottoman empire. 

 Yersin 2 adopted the same method to fight the cattle plague in Indo- 

 China, where it causes great ravages, especially among buffaloes. His 

 Institute at Nha-Trang has become a centre for the preparation of 

 the specific serum, which he distributes over a vast territory. In the 

 East Indies the simultaneous method has been applied by Rogers 3 . 

 In Russia, where rinderpest is endemic in many regions, the Institute 

 of Experimental Medicine at St Petersburg furnishes the serum 

 destined to prevent the propagation of this epizootic disease 4 . 



In a few years this method of simultaneous vaccination has been 

 extended to all the countries ravaged by rinderpest and has already 

 rendered immense services to agriculture. 



V. Anti-anthrax vaccinations. In the first four sections of this 

 Chapter we have brought together the methods which have as their 

 [491] basis the vaccination by viruses whose nature is as yet unknown. 

 Since we cannot obtain them by artificial culture, we have to intro- 

 duce them with animal fluids : either the contents of vaccinal or 

 clavelar pustules, or matter from rabic nervous centres, or again the 

 blood of animals attacked by rinderpest. In the case last mentioned, 

 in order to prevent the too serious effect of the injection of the virus, 

 it is combined with a simultaneous injection of protective serum. 



1 Ann. de VInst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. xm, p. 319 ; 1901, t xv, p. 715. 



2 Rec. de med. vet., Paris, 1901, pp. 48, 115. 



3 Report on an experim. Investig. of the method of Inoculation against Rinder- 

 pest, Calcutta, 1900 ; Ztschr.f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1900, Bd. xxxv, S. 59. 



4 Nencki, Sieber and Wyznikiewicz, Arch, internat. de Pharmacodyn., Gand et 

 Paris, 1899, vol. v, p. 475. 



