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AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 



States. One very large stemmed 

 scraper, of a type more common in the 

 far west, also comes from this locality. 

 Drills. These are usually chipped 

 tools presenting an elongated narrow 

 blade and a considerably swollen or 

 expanded base, suitable for grasping 

 in the hand. In some cases the base 

 was absent and those were probably 

 hafted in wood. Specimens whose 

 blades have a square or rectangular 

 cross-section are very rare. The find- 

 ing of cores left in half-drilled objects 

 shows the use of a hollow drill, and it 

 has been suggested that a hard hollow 

 reed used with sand and water on a 

 soft stone would produce this effect. 

 To bear out this assertion, it has been 

 reported that a half-drilled implement 

 has been found outside this area on the 

 upper Hudson in which the remains of 

 the reed drill were found in the cavity 

 left by its action. 



ROUGH STONE ARTICLES. 



Hammer stones. These vary from 

 simple pebbles picked up and used in 

 the rough, showing merely a battered 

 edge or edges acquired by use, to the 

 pitted forms. They are generally mere 

 pebbles with a pit pecked on two 

 opposite sides, perhaps to aid in grasp- 

 ing with the thumb and forefinger. 

 Some have battered edges, but many 

 have not, suggesting, when round and 

 regular, a use as gaming or "Chunke" 

 stones, or as implements used only in 

 pounding some rather soft substance. 

 Hammerstones, pitted on one side only, 

 and others with many pits on all sides, 

 occur. These latter may have had some 

 special use, and are not to be con- 

 founded with the large flat, slab-like 

 stones having pits only on one side, 

 found in other regions, and perhaps 



used as receptacles for holding nuts 

 while cracking them. While these are 

 common in the Iroquoian area, they 

 are unknown here. 



Large stones, single or double- 

 pitted, resembling over-sized hammer- 

 stones occur. These may have been 

 used as anvils in chipping flint or for 

 like purposes. 



Grooved clubs or mauls, also showing 

 use as hammers are found. These are 

 rare and are usually either rough 

 pebbles, grooved for hafting, as in the 

 case of the grooved axe, or grooved 

 axes, the blades of which have become 

 so battered, broken, and rounded by 

 wear as to preclude their further use 

 for chopping. 



Net-sinkers. On all sites near the 

 water, either salt or fresh, net-sinkers 

 show the prevalence of fishing. These 

 are of two types. In one case a pebble 

 is notched on opposite sides of either 

 the long or broad axis ; in the other, a 

 groove is pecked around the entire 

 pebble in the same manner. The latter 

 type is comparatively scarce, as the 

 former, being more easily and quickly 

 made, was just as useful to the savage. 

 The modern Cree and O jib way, resid- 

 ing in the forests north of the Great 

 Lakes, still use pebbles for this purpose, 

 but those observed by the writer wnv 

 not notched or worked in any way. 

 Occasionally, sinkers notched on both 

 axes are found in this region. 



Hoes. These are usually ovoid 

 implements, chipped from trap rock, 

 sometimes notched to facilitate haft- 

 ing, and sometimes not. They usually 

 show a slight polish on the blade, 

 caused by friction with the ground. 

 This type of stone hoe is the form 

 mentioned by early writers; but per- 

 haps hoes of shell, bone, or tortoise 



