750 



INDEX. 



Floral Calendar formed by Linnaeus, 339 ; its de- 

 tails, 339 ; floral clocks, 339. 



Florentine Iris, engraving of, 305. 



Flower, The, 359 ; Rousseau's description of, 359, 

 note ; Goethe's discovery respecting, 359 ; a meta- 

 morphosed leaf, 3GO ; various parts of, 360. 



Flowers, the regularity of the time of opening used 

 for marking time, 339 ; opening affected by at- 

 mospheric conditions used as barometers, 339 ; 

 clock of Linnaeus, 339 ; of Lamarck, 339. 



Fluviales, 387, note. 



Fly, a simple, damage it does in Africa, 94 ; called 

 tsetse, and shaped like our common fly, 94 ; our 

 domestic or common, torments travellers in hot 

 countries, 96 ; dread these more than the hyaena, 

 96 ; in Upper Egypt cover the face of children 

 like a mask, 97 ; death resulting from attacks of, 

 97, and note ; four hundred species frequent the 

 pine-tree, 98 ; yellow, streaked with black (Chlo- 

 rops lineata), attacks gram, 99, and note ; destroys 

 a fifth part of the barley crops of Sweden, 99 ; 

 common, rapidity of the vibration of its wings, 

 100; aerial mouth or stigma of, engraving of, 

 115 ; drone and its larva, engraving of, 119. 



Fondia erythrops, 290 ; nest of, engraving of, 290. 



Fontana, belief in resuscitation of mummies, 46. 



Fontenelle, censures philosophy of words, 6; his 

 opinion of the philosophy of things, 6. 



Foot, of working bee, its structure, 104 ; of Dytis- 

 cus, 105 ; engraving of, 106 ; of flies, 105 ; form 

 saws, rakes, chisels, 106. 



Foraminifera, microscopic chalk formations com- 

 posed of, 81 ; engravings of, 82 ; great numbers 

 in small space, 82, note ; hill near Dover com- 

 posed of, 82 ; in Meudon chalk, engraving of, 83. 



Forces of our planet, their power, 5 ; mountains 

 raised by, 5. 



Forest, Virgin, 486 ; impenetrable and sombre, 493. 



Forficula, earwig, resemblance between larva, 

 nymph, and imago, 133 ; engraving of, 133. 



Formica fuliginosa, jet ant, a carver, 192. 



Fossil : meal, 30 ; shells of secondary period, en- 

 graving of, 560 ; shells of tertiary epoch, engrav- 

 ing of, 568. 



Fossiliferous rocks, represent catacombs, 583. 



Fossils, 583 ; misunderstood by our ancestors, 586 ; 

 erroneous opinions respecting, 588. 



Fraxinella, gaseous exudation from, takes fire, 416 ; 

 mode of showing, engraving of, 415. 



Frnxinus ornus, 413, note ; engraving of, 414. 



Frogs, showers of, 320 ; records of various in- 

 stances, 320 ; Cardan's hypothesis concerning, 

 321. 



Fuci, root in, 348. 



Fucus, Swimming, or Sargassum, immense meadow 

 of, 57 ; engraving of, 58 ; F. giganteus, great 

 length, 507 ; F. tendo, 518 ; used for making 

 fishing-nets, 518. 



Fulgora, 123, note. 



Fulica chloropus, water-hen, its elegant nest, 270. 



Fungi, rapidity of growth, 408 ; lycoperdon (L. 

 giganteum), 408 ; engraving of, 410 ; Lindley on 

 the lycoperdon, 408 ; Bulliard on fungi, 408 ; 

 mould, 494 ; prodigious fecundity of, 521 ; curi- 



ous habitats of some, 682 ; on neck of caterpil- 

 lar, 683 ; and engraving of, 681. 

 Furnai-ius rufus, its mode of building, 287. 



G. 



Galium aparine, 526. 



Gall insects, immolate themselves to protect their 



young, 149. 



Gasterosteus trachurus, stickleback, engraving of, 

 and nest, 323. 



Gates in mountains, 606. 



Gavaruie, Circus of, 609. 



Geckoes, their activity, they prey upon young bees, 

 206. 



Geese, Wild, wonderful arrangement of, in travers- 

 ing the air, 296 ; difficulty of capturing, 297 ; 

 catching wild geese engraving, 298; Egyptian 

 carrying wild geese to market, 297. 



Germination, 474 ; phenomena of, 474, seq. ; of 

 Arundo Indica, engraving of, 479 ; warmth re- 

 quired for, 482 ; air important in, 482 ; hastened 

 by electricity, 484 ; effect of light on, 484, and 

 note. 



Geysers, 634 ; of Yellowstone Region, 634, note ; 

 engraving of, 633 ; of Iceland, 634. 



Giant Sirex, larva of, gnaws lead balls, 201 ; S. 

 giganteus, engraving of, 200. 



Giants and Pigmies, 233. 



Giants, of the vegetable kingdom, 494 ; causeways, 

 635 ; in Staffa, engraving of, 635. 



Gigantic figures, seen on the Brocken, 602, and 

 engraving, 603 ; traced on distant clouds, 602. 



Glacial epoch, 573 ; ravages made during, 573 ; 

 rocks transported by ice, 573 ; erratic blocks, 

 573. 



Glaciers, 636 ; dangers of traversing, 636 ; where 

 most frequent, 643 ; form seas of ice, 643 ; in 

 Spitzbergen, engraving of, 641 ; motion of, 644 ; 

 phenomena of, and extent of, 644. 



Gladiolus versicolor, mutability of its color, 453. 



Gleaners, 240. 



Globe, formation of the, 537 ; on fire, 538 ; cooling 

 down of, 538 ; contraction of, when cooling, 538. 



Glowworm, luminosity of, 121 ; male and female, 

 engraving of, 121. 



Glyptodon, 567. 



Gnat, rapidity of the vibration of its wings, 100. 



Gnat, Common, larva of, engraving of, 116 ; its 

 habits, lives in stagnant water, 116 ; has not 

 organs of swimming, 117 ; means it possesses for 

 locomotion, 117. 



Gnats, enemies to man, 93 ; in some places men 

 subjected to their empire, 93 ; organs of mouth 

 of, engraving of, 92, note. 



Gnomes laying bare skeleton of Ichthyosaurus, en- 

 graving of, 557 ; account of, 660, and note. 



Goat-Moth (Cossus ligniperdd), engraving of, 193. 



Goedart, study of insect metamorphoses, 91. 



Goenong Api, 617, note ; engraving of, 617. 



Goldau, Valley of, vegetation of, 531, note. 



Golden Oriole, nest of, engraving of, 254. 



Goliath, gigantic beetle, 85 ; of Drury (G. gigan- 

 teus), engraving of, 86. 



