758 



INDEX. 



Salix Sabylonica, 531, note. 



Sanctorious, experiment on loss in the body through 

 transpiration, 395. 



Santorin, volcano of, 627, note. 



Sap, the, the blood of plants, 377 ; its powerful cir- 

 culation, 377 ; Hales' experiment, 377 ; collecting 

 the, of the sugar-maple, engraving of, 379. 



Sapotacese, yield gutta-percha, 417. 



Sarracenia purpurea, engraving of, 402. 



Saw-Beaked Humming-Bird (Petasophora serriros- 

 tris), engraving of, 237 ; nest of, 239. 



Scabiosa arvensis, antipathy of flax plant to, 427. 



Scandinavian, mythology portrays some of the 

 great physical events of the world, 593 ; penin- 

 sula, rising of, 595. 



Scarabaeus, or sacred beetle, its singular metamor- 

 phosis, 127 ; mode of collecting dung in which to 

 hatch its egg, 152 ; engraving of, 152 ; cartouches 

 of, engraving of, 153 ; became in Egypt a symbol 

 of fecundity, 154 ; effigy of, employed in various 

 ways by the ancients, account of, 154, and note. 



Scarites, entraps prey, 224 ; giant (S. Icevigatus), 

 engraving of, 224. 



Schacht on Adanson's calculations, 515, note. 



Scheuchzer, skeleton discovered by, 577. 



Sea, architects of, 57 ; fecundity of, 57 ; gelatinous 

 or herbose, 57. 



Sea-Mews, Sir Hans Sloane on flight of, 309. 



Sea-Serpent, fabulous, engraving of, 737. 



Secondary Epoch, 551 ; imaginary view during, 553 ; 

 period, fossil shells of, 560. 



Secretary Bird, its powerful wing, 236. 



Secretion, 408 ; resinous, imparts strength to co- 

 niferous woods, 416 ; Canary Islands pine quite 

 impregnated with it, 416 ; from some plants in 

 gaseous form, 416 ; vapor of, takes fire, 416. 



Seed, the, 474 ; a vegetable egg, 475 ; duration of 

 germinative faculty, 475; composed of integu- 

 ment and kernel, 475 ; contains young plant in 

 miniature, 475 ; preserved by cold, 482 ; action of 

 water on, 482 ; absorbs oxygen, 483 ; exhales car- 

 bonic acid, 484 ; cause of them remaining torpid, 

 485; great numbers of, in some plants, 520; 

 causes of their destruction, 520 ; disseminated 

 by the air, 521 ; by the sea, 523 ; vital resistance 

 aids dissemination, 532 ; long life of, 532, 533. 



Sensibility, vegetable, 432 ; opinions of the ancients 

 respecting, 432, et seq. ; modern opinions, Smith, 

 Martins, Fechner, 433 ; Debans' remarks on, 434 ; 

 cedars supposed to drop blood, 435 ; in Mimosa 

 pudica, 437 ; in plants proven, 436 ; Cactus grandi- 

 florus, 437 ; various observations on, 439, note. 



Sexuality of plants, 361. 



Shea-Butter, tree producing, Pentadesma buty- 



racea, 418. 



Sheath Phryganea (P. striatd), engraving of, 200. 

 Sheep, intestinal worms cause death of, 24. 

 Shells, Fossil, of secondary period, engraving of, 



560 ; of tertiary epoch, engraving of, 568. 

 Shooting stars, 727 ; recurrence of, 728 ; engraving 



of, 728 ; explanation of, 731. 

 Siderodendrum triftorum, 519. 

 Silurian Period, 543 ; derivation of name, 543 ; pro- 

 duced crustaceans, molluscs, and trilobites, 544. 



Simoom, or poison- wind, 669 ; its effects, 669. 

 Sirius, diameter of, 697. 

 Sisymbrium Irio, 485. 

 Sivatherium, found in India, 567. 

 Slave-Makers, 164 ; red ants, 167. 

 Sleep of plants, 428 ; observed by Linnaeus, 428, and 

 note ; changes during, 429 ; best seen in warm 

 climates, 429 ; engraving of, 430 ; phenomena of, 

 430 ; aspect of clover-field at evening, 431. 

 Smyrna, large plane-tree in, 490. 

 Snow, red color of, caused by Discercea nivalis, 



22. 

 Snows, eternal, 636 ; line of, in Europe, 639 ; in 



America, 639 ; in Spitzbergen, 639. 

 Solar World, the, 707. 

 Soldier-Crab (Pagurus Miles), 198. 

 Spallanzani, belief in resuscitation of mummies, 

 42, and animals, 45 ; destroyed false creeds re- 

 specting emigration of swallows, 313 ; noticed 

 attachment of swallows to their nests, 314. 

 Sparrow, the, a thief, 261. 



Spathe, the, 366 ; thin in small-sized monocotyle- 

 dons, 366 ; strong and ample in some palms, 366 ; 

 in Florentine Iris, 365 ; used as a bath, 366. 

 Sphex, mode of procuring food for its young, 150. 

 Sphinx, built of nummulites, 37 ; and great pyra- 

 mids of Egypt, engraving of, 35. 

 Sphinx Galii, 102 ; engraving of, 101. 

 Spiders, perfection of their weaving, 160 ; mode of 

 spreading nets, 160, 161 ; disgust inspired by them 

 not well founded, 161 ; the bite only of tropical 

 kinds hurtful, 161 ; those found in this country 

 harmless, 161 ; the tarantula, 161, 162, and note; 

 Mygale avicularia (bird-eating spider), engraving 

 of, 162 ; their poison apparatus, 1G3 ; tropical 

 species kill birds, 1G3 ; their fine thread, 187 ; 

 dress made of it, 188 ; garden-spider (Epeira 

 diadema), 189 ; mason-spider (Mygale ccementa- 

 ria), 189 ; engraving of, 191 ; aquatic, and its 

 diving-bell, 203. 

 Spiral Vallisneria, 471. 

 Spitzbergen, bay in, engraving of, 641. 

 Sponge, lowest form of animal life, 53 ; structure 

 of, 53 ; their vitality doubtful, 53 ; vary in form 

 and color, 53 ; contained in flint, 56, and note. 

 Spots on the Sun, 708 ; engraving of, 709 ; nature 



of, 710, and note. 



Squill, Maritime, longevity of, 533. 

 Squirrels, ingenuity displayed in migration, 301 ; 



Regnard on, 302, note ; disperse seeds, 526. 

 Stalk, the, what it is, 355. 

 Stamens, engravings of, 361. 

 Staphylinus olens, engraving of, 124 ; exhales fine 



perfume, 125. 



Stars, the, 691 ; Kepler's opinion about them, G91 ; 

 numbers of, seen by naked eye, 692, and note ; 

 apparent size of, 697 ; shooting, 727, 731. 

 Stem, the, 349 ; called the trunk, its parts, 349. 

 Stenopteryx of the swallow (S. hirundinis), 91. 

 Steppes, 661 ; aspect of, 663 ; in S. America, 664 ; 



heat of, 665 ; sometimes inundated, 667. 

 Sticklebacks, showers of, 322 ; nest of, 323. 

 Stone-Borers, 72. 

 Strabo, on the petrifactions found at foot of Pyra- 



