154 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 



the betel pepper, and the areca palm. These are undoubtedly of 

 Malayan origin and bear Malayan names. They probably found their 

 way to the Malayan islands after the departure of the people who 

 spread over the eastern Pacific islands, but before the separation of 

 the settlers of Guam from the parent stock. It is interesting to note 

 that the Guam name for rice (fae, or fai) is more closely allied to the 

 Java name (bai) than to the Philippine (palai). Besides rice, the betel 

 pepper, and the areca palm the natives of Guam took with them a 

 textile screw pine (Pandanus tectorius), which has to be propagated by 

 cuttings, as only one sex occurs on the island, and it consequently 

 does not fruit. On the other hand, the eastern Polynesians took with 

 them a number of plants unknown to the ancient Chamorros, such as 

 the paper mulberry, the kava pepper, the candle nut, and the so-called 

 chestnut of Polynesia (Bocoa edulis), all of which are of East Indian 

 origin. 



ENDEMIC NAMES. One of the most striking facts connected with 

 Guam plant names is the occurrence of some which are, as far as can 

 be ascertained, quite different from those of any other region. Such 

 are the names of the several forms of yam (nika and dago), bananas 

 and plantains (chotda), Cycas (fadang), bamboo (piao), and the various 

 species of screw pine (aggag, pahong, kafo). The name for breadfruit 

 (lemae) bears no resemblance to that used by the Polynesians (ulu), 

 and the name for the taro plant (suni), which I have been unable to 

 find elsewhere in the Pacific or the Philippines, I believe to be identi- 

 fied with "sunge," or "songe," its name in the islands of Madagascar 

 and Reunion. 



LITERATURE. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



A list of books in the Library of Congress relating to Samoa and 

 Guam, with references to periodicals, was compiled under the direction 

 of Mr. A. P. C. Griffin and published in 1901. A second list, with 

 important additions on the Marianne Islands, was published two years 

 later under the same auspices, forming a part of the Bibliography of 

 the Philippine Islands (pp. 138-14-1), Washington, 1903. 



EARLY VOYAGES. 



MAGELLAN. Pigafetta's narrative of Magellan's voyage, containing 

 an account of the discovery of Guam, was published in Italian at 

 Milan in 1800. The best English translation is that published in vol. 

 52 of the Hakluyt Society publications. A critical account of the 

 editions of this work is given in Winsor's Narrative and Critical His- 

 tory of America, vol. 2, pp. 613-617. Herrera's Historia general de 

 los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas i tierra firme del mar ocean o 



<> I am indebted to Dr. Ainsworth R. Spofford for reading the proof of the following 

 notes and list of works consulted. 



