226 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 



apex of the fruit. The acid lime (a fruit very distinct from the sweet lime, C. 

 limetta W. & A. ) has been referred by Engler to Citrus hystrix DC. , while Roxburgh 

 classifies it together with the sour lemons of India under the general name Citrus 

 acida. 



Whatever may be the correct botanical names of the forms of this genus, it is cer- 

 tain that the following fruits grow on the island of Guam: 



1. The wild orange, with saponaceous leaves and fruit, identical with the indig- 

 enous " moli " of Samoa and Fiji. See Citrus aurantium saponacea. 



2. The cultivated sweet orange. See Citrus aurantium sinensis. 



3. The fragrant bergamot, which grows spontaneously on the island. See Citrus 

 bergamia. 



4. The tangerine orange, sparingly cultivated. See Citrus nobilis. 



5. The citron, the thick rind of which is preserved by the natives. See Citrus 

 medica. 



6. The lemon, of oval shape, and terminating in a nipple, called "limon real" by 

 the natives of Guam. See Citrus medica limon. 



7. The acid lime, small, spherical, with a thin, smooth skin, called ''limon " by the 

 natives of Guam. See Citrus hystrix acida. 



8. The shaddock, which often grows to a great size. See Citrus decumana. 

 For the citrus-like shrub called "lemoncito" see Triphasia trifoliata. 



Citrus aurantium saponacea Safford, subsp. nov. SOAP ORANGE. 



Family Rutaceae. 



LOCAL NAMES. Kaliei, Kahet (Guam); Kahel, Cahel, Cajel (Philippines); 

 Naranjo agrio, Naranjo cimarron (Spanish); Moli, Moli-vao (Samoa); Moli, 

 Moli-kurukuru (Fiji). 



The wild orange of Guam is identical with the " rnoli " of Fiji and Samoa, and, as 

 in those island groups, it is apparently indigenous or of prehistoric introduction. It 

 is not edible. The saponaceous fruit is used by the natives of Guam not only for 

 washing the hair, as in several other Pacific islands, but also as a substitute for soap 

 in washing clothing. The macerated leaves also form a lather with water. They 

 are fragrant, and may be used, as in Fiji, for washing the hair. Seemann & desig- 

 nates this orange as Citrus vulgaris Risso, and says that it is called the "bitter or 

 Seville orange " by the white settlers. It can not, however, be identical with the 

 cultivated variety known under this name, which is identified with Citrus bigaradia 

 Duhamel, and called by Engler c the subspecies amara of Citrus aurantium L. 

 That recognized form, the pomeranze of the Germans, is the source of orange marma- 

 lade and of the fragrant Neroli oil, so extensively used in perfumery. In noting the 

 distribution of the subspecies amara Engler does not mention the islands of the 

 Pacific Ocean; and in Schumann and Lauterbach d the species is not mentioned, 

 though the authors are careful to note other plants occurring in the Marianne 

 Islands, and they could not fail to know of the occurrence of an indigenous orange 

 identical with that recorded by Seemann from Fiji and by Reinecke from Samoa. e 



The petioles of this wild orange are usually broadly winged and the leaves are 

 aromatic. The fruit has very much the appearance of the cultivated sweet orange. 



Flora Indica, vol. 3, p. 391, 1832. 



& Flora Vitiensis, p. 32, 1865 to 1873. 



c Nat. Pflanzenfamilien Teil 3, abt. 4, p, 198, 1896. 



d Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Siidsee, 1901. 



Citrus vulgaris Risso. Miichtige Baume im Busch der Berge, Fruchte mit fester, 

 gelber Schale, die nach dem abfallen austrocknen und steinhart werden. Der Baum 

 scheint auf den Inseln, wie auch auf Viti heimisch da er auf alien Inseln bis hoch in 

 die Berge hinaufsteigt. Der ausgepresste Fruchtsaft, sowie die macerirte Blatter, 

 schaumen beim Reiben und werden als Kopfwaschwasser, sowie besonders zum 

 Auswaschen des Kalkes aus den Haaren, von den Eingeborenen viel benutzt. 

 (F. Reinecke, Die Flora der Samoa-Inseln, Engler' s Jahrb., vol. 25, pp. 642-3, 1898.) 



