DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 227 



It is of a light yellow color when ripe, and the skin hardens and becomes shell-like 

 on drying. 



In Guam it is a common sight to see scores of women and girls standing waist deep 

 in the river with an oblong shallow wooden tray (batea) before them either afloat 

 or resting on a rock. On this tray the linen is spread, rubbed with orange pulp, and 

 vigorously scrubbed with a corncob. Often the entire surface of the river where the 

 current is sluggish is covered with decaying oranges. In Samoa the name for the 

 wild orange, "moli," has been applied to soap, and the introduced sweet oranges are 

 distinguished as "moli-'aina," or "edible moli." 



Citrus aurantium sinensis. SWEET ORANGE. 



LOCAL NAMES. Cahet, Kahet (Guam); Cahe"l, Kahel, Dalandan (Philippines); 

 Cajel (Mexico); Moli-'aina (Samoa) ; Moli in Tahiti (Fiji); China dulce (Porto 

 Rico); Naranjo chino, Naranjo dulce (Spanish); Naranghi (Hindustan). 



An introduced fruit tree. Young shoots and leaves glabrous; spines axillary, soli- 

 tary; leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, coriaceous, persistent, leaflet elliptic or ovate, 

 acute, obtuse, or acuminate; petiole often broadly winged, especially in young 

 shoots; flowers white, sweet scented; ovary many-celled; style simple, stout decidu- 

 ous; stigma capitate; ovules 4 to 8 in each cell; stamens 20 to 60, inserted round a 

 large disk, filaments variously connate; fruit globose, pulp sweet, yellow, or some- 

 times red. 



Nearly all the orange trees in Guam are seedlings. The fruit usually supplied to 

 visiting ships, grown in the vicinity of Agat and Sumay, is inferior. Good varie- 

 ties are produced in Mataguak, Yigo, and Finaguayog, in the northern portion of the 

 island, and in Yona, on the highland near the east coast. They are apparently free 

 from disease and insect pests. Navel oranges were imported by the writer from Cal- 

 ifornia, and were left by him in a thriving condition. The climate and the calcare- 

 ous soil of the island seem to be very favorable for all varieties of citrus fruits. 

 Oranges are easily propagated by cuttings or by layers, but the most satisfactory 

 method is by budding. For this purpose seedlings of lemons or bitter oranges, which 

 grow spontaneously -on the island and are free from disease, may be used for stocks. 

 They should be about a year old. February and March appear to be the best months 

 for this purpose in countries with a climate like that of Guam.^ Two crops of 

 oranges are usually produced each year. The blossoms of the first crop appear in 

 February, and the fruit is fully ripe the first part of November. The tree again flow- 

 ers at the beginning of the rainy season, in midsummer, and the fruit is ripe in 

 March and April. Systematic orange culture has never been attempted on the island, 

 but nearly every native has a tree or two on his ranch. There is now a ready market 

 for all the good oranges that are grown. More extensive cultivation of this fruit 

 would surely be profitable and would require little care and labor. 

 REFERENCES : 



Citrus aurantium sinensis L. Sp. PL 2: 783. 1753. 

 Citrus sinensis Pers. Syn. 2 : 74. 1807. 



Citrus bergamia. BERGAMOT. 



LOCAL NAMES. Limon china (Guam). 



In Guam this variety grows to the size of an apple tree. Its fruit is somewhat 

 smaller than that of the sweet orange, and has a smooth, pale yellow rind and acidu- 

 lous pulp. The entire plant, leaves, rind, and pulp have the agreeable aroma of 

 citronella. The leaves have winged petioles and are oblong in form, acute or obtuse. 

 The flowers are white, very fragrant, and are smaller than those of the sweet orange. 



The rind of the fruit is the source of the oil known in commerce as bergamot, 

 which is so much used in the manufacture of perfumery. It is obtained by mechan- 



Journal of the Agro-Hort. Society, vol. 14, p. 199, quoted in Firminger's Manual 

 of Gardening for Bengal and Upper India, p. 231, 1890. 



