2 EXTRACTION OF TEETH. 



necessary, in order to assure a prompt recoverN", by the 

 removal of the effects of the disease of the tooth. 



The removal of molars may therefore involve extraction 

 with forceps, trephining the dental alveolus and repulsion 

 of the tooth and trephining of the sinuses because of em- 

 pyema or other pathologic conditions referable to the dental 

 affection ; consequently all of these should be studied as 

 related topics. 



1. EXTRACTION OF TEETH. 

 Plates I and II. 



Instruments. Extracting forceps, fulcra of various 

 sizes, mouth speculum with abundant lateral working room, 

 exporteur forceps, toothpick, splinter forceps, reflecting 

 lamp. 



Technic. In simple cases with a quiet animal the pa- 

 tient may be sufficiently confined by being backed into a 

 corner or very much better by securing in stocks. In com- 

 plicated cases or very resistant animals it is best to place 

 the patient upon the operating table or in default of this, 

 cast and secure in lateral recumbence on the sound side. 



Apply the speculum and identify the diseased tooth by 

 manual exploration ; determine if the tooth is of unnatural 

 size or form, if it is loose, if the gums are separated from the 

 neck at any point, if it is out of line with the other teeth in 

 the row, if it is painful to the touch, if it be split, etc. An 

 external tooth fistula or a tumefaction over the affected 

 member may aid in distinguishing it. Aid may also be had 

 by illuminating the mouth with a reflecting electric or other 

 lamp. 



Remove any accumulations of partiall)- masticated food 

 by means of the toothpick or fingers. 



In applying the forceps, have an assistant draw the 

 tongue out at the commissure of the lips on the side oppo- 



